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American foulbrood (AFB, Histolysis infectiosa perniciosa larvae apium, Pestis americana larvae apium), caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae,[a] is a highly infectious honey bee brood disease. It is the most widespread and destructive of the honey bee brood diseases. It is globally distributed and burning of infected colonies is often considered as the only effective measure to prevent spreading of the disease.
- ^ Genersch, Elke; Forsgren, Eva; Pentikäinen, Jaana; Ashiralieva, Ainura; Rauch, Sandra; Kilwinski, Jochen; Fries, Ingemar (2006-03-01). "Reclassification of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens and Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae as Paenibacillus larvae without subspecies differentiation". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (3): 501–511. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63928-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 16514018.
- ^ White GF (1906) The bacteria of the apiary, with special reference to bee diseases. USDA, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series 14:1
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