Amien Rais | |
|---|---|
 Amien Rais's 2004 president candidate portrait | |
| 10th Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly | |
| In office 3 October 1999 – 30 September 2004 | |
| Preceded by | Harmoko |
| Succeeded by | Hidayat Nur Wahid |
| 1st Leader of National Mandate Party | |
| In office 23 June 1998 – 9 April 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Soetrisno Bachir |
| 12th Leader of Muhammadiyah | |
| In office 28 June 1995 – 26 April 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Ahmad Azhar Basyir |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Muhammad Amien Rais 26 April 1944 Surakarta, Japanese East Indies |
| Political party | Ummah |
| Other political affiliations | PAN (1998–2020) |
| Spouse | Kusnasriyati Sri Rahayu |
| Children |
|
| Alma mater | |
| Signature |  |
Muhammad Amien Rais (born 26 April 1944) is an Indonesian politician.[1][2] He was one of the leaders of the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998.[3][4] Amien Rais was the leader of Muhammadiyah, one of the two biggest Muslim organizations in Indonesia, from 1995 to 2000. He was the Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) from 1999 to 2004. During his chairmanship, the MPR passed a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. These amendments, among other things, established direct presidential elections, a presidential term limit (two terms), and the Constitutional Court.[5]
- ^ "Amien Rais prepares new party amid PAN internal rift". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ "Parpol Islam Terbesar Era Soekarno Dekati Amien Rais, Mau Menyatu dengan 'Saudara' PAN". Warta Ekonomi (in Indonesian). 15 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ Eklof, Stefan (2 June 2004). Power and Political Culture in Suharto's Indonesia: The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and the Decline of the New Order (1986–98). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-30368-6.
- ^ Vatikiotis, Michael R. J. (1998). Indonesian Politics Under Suharto: The Rise and Fall of the New Order. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-20501-6.
- ^ Mydans, Seth (20 October 1999). "Stung by Debate, Indonesian Leader Ends Election Bid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 June 2020.