Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Principen, others[3] |
Other names | AM/AMP[4] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a685002 |
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, intramuscular |
Drug class | Aminopenicillins |
ATC code | |
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Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 62% ±17% (parenteral) < 30–55% (oral) |
Protein binding | 15 to 25% |
Metabolism | 12 to 50% |
Metabolites | Penicilloic acid |
Elimination half-life | Approx. 1 hour |
Excretion | 75 to 85% kidney |
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CAS Number | |
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DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
PDB ligand | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.645 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C16H19N3O4S |
Molar mass | 349.41 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis.[7] It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns.[7] It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously.[7]
Common side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea.[7] It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin.[7] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis.[7] While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased.[7] Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe.[7][8]
Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961.[9][10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] The World Health Organization classifies ampicillin as critically important for human medicine.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[7]