Amyloid-beta precursor protein

APP
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1AAP, 1AMB, 1AMC, 1AML, 1BA4, 1BA6, 1BJB, 1BJC, 1BRC, 1CA0, 1HZ3, 1IYT, 1MWP, 1OWT, 1QCM, 1QWP, 1QXC, 1QYT, 1TAW, 1TKN, 1X11, 1Z0Q, 1ZJD, 2BEG, 2BP4, 2FJZ, 2FK1, 2FK2, 2FK3, 2FKL, 2FMA, 2G47, 2IPU, 2LFM, 2LLM, 2LMN, 2LMO, 2LMP, 2LMQ, 2LOH, 2LP1, 2OTK, 2R0W, 2WK3, 2Y29, 2Y2A, 2Y3J, 2Y3K, 2Y3L, 3AYU, 3DXC, 3DXD, 3DXE, 3GCI, 3IFL, 3IFN, 3IFO, 3IFP, 3JTI, 3KTM, 3L33, 3L81, 3MOQ, 3NYL, 3SV1, 3U0T, 3UMH, 3UMI, 3UMK, 4HIX, 1ZE7, 1ZE9, 2LNQ, 2LZ3, 2LZ4, 2M4J, 2M9R, 2M9S, 2MGT, 2MJ1, 2MPZ, 2MVX, 2MXU, 3BAE, 3BKJ, 3JQ5, 3JQL, 3MXC, 3NYJ, 3OVJ, 3OW9, 4JFN, 4M1C, 4MDR, 4NGE, 4OJF, 4ONF, 4ONG, 4PQD, 4PWQ, 4MVI, 4MVK, 4MVL, 4XXD, 5CSZ, 5AMB, 5AEF, 5AM8, 5BUO, 5HOY, 5HOW, 5HOX, 5KK3, 5C67, 2NAO
Identifiers
Aliases	APP, AAA, ABETA, ABPP, AD1, APPI, CTFgamma, CVAP, PN-II, PN2, amyloid beta precursor protein, preA4, alpha-sAPP
External IDs	OMIM: 104760; MGI: 88059; HomoloGene: 56379; GeneCards: APP; OMA:APP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human)[1] Band 21q21.3 Start 25,880,550 bp[1] End 26,171,128 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse)[2] Band 16 C3.3|16 46.92 cM Start 84,746,573 bp[2] End 84,970,654 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 9 renal medulla internal globus pallidus stromal cell of endometrium tendon of biceps brachii primary visual cortex C1 segment islet of Langerhans Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in ciliary body CA3 field choroid plexus of fourth ventricle entorhinal cortex perirhinal cortex iris vestibular sensory epithelium cingulate gyrus vestibular membrane of cochlear duct nucleus of stria terminalis More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function heparin binding signaling receptor binding acetylcholine receptor binding metal ion binding enzyme binding peptidase activator activity peptidase inhibitor activity protein binding DNA binding growth factor receptor binding PTB domain binding serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity identical protein binding transition metal ion binding signaling receptor activator activity Cellular component cytoplasm endosome cytosol trans-Golgi network membrane membrane cell-cell junction synapse extracellular region ciliary rootlet spindle midzone neuron projection rough endoplasmic reticulum dendritic spine endosome lumen dendritic shaft cell surface terminal bouton membrane raft extracellular exosome integral component of membrane Golgi apparatus growth cone neuromuscular junction receptor complex plasma membrane apical part of cell astrocyte projection growth cone lamellipodium axon nuclear envelope lumen clathrin-coated pit platelet alpha granule lumen integral component of plasma membrane main axon smooth endoplasmic reticulum COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle growth cone filopodium cytoplasmic vesicle extracellular space Golgi lumen perinuclear region of cytoplasm early endosome endoplasmic reticulum lumen Golgi-associated vesicle cell projection perikaryon presynaptic active zone recycling endosome nucleus synaptic vesicle Biological process cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus amyloid fibril formation negative regulation of neuron differentiation neuromuscular process controlling balance protein phosphorylation regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity cellular copper ion homeostasis neuron projection development cellular response to cAMP suckling behavior apoptotic process locomotory behavior adult locomotory behavior positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle axo-dendritic transport response to oxidative stress mRNA polyadenylation collateral sprouting in absence of injury ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway Notch signaling pathway negative regulation of peptidase activity smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction neuron remodeling dendrite development extracellular matrix organization cholesterol metabolic process mating behavior cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus nervous system development cell adhesion response to lead ion regulation of gene expression positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle axon midline choice point recognition visual learning endocytosis axonogenesis regulation of multicellular organism growth platelet degranulation positive regulation of peptidase activity forebrain development regulation of protein binding regulation of translation regulation of synapse structure or activity cellular process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of endopeptidase activity response to yeast antibacterial humoral response antifungal humoral response innate immune response defense response to Gram-negative bacterium defense response to Gram-positive bacterium neuron apoptotic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation astrocyte activation involved in immune response G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway learning or memory learning negative regulation of cell population proliferation response to radiation positive regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation microglia development regulation of Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of protein binding tumor necrosis factor production positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorylation post-translational protein modification positive regulation of JNK cascade astrocyte activation regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation synapse organization cognition positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity positive regulation of astrocyte activation positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade cellular response to copper ion cellular response to manganese ion modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation positive regulation of microglial cell activation cellular response to amyloid-beta negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity regulation of presynapse assembly positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation neuron projection maintenance positive regulation of signaling receptor activity regulation of NMDA receptor activity positive regulation of T cell migration response to interleukin-1 positive regulation of glycolytic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 351 11820 Ensembl ENSG00000142192 ENSMUSG00000022892 UniProt P05067 P12023 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_201414 NM_000484 NM_001136016 NM_001136129 NM_001136130 NM_001136131 NM_001204301 NM_001204302 NM_001204303 NM_201413 NM_001385253 NM_001198823 NM_001198824 NM_001198825 NM_001198826 NM_007471 RefSeq (protein) NP_000475 NP_001129488 NP_001129601 NP_001129602 NP_001129603 NP_001191230 NP_001191231 NP_001191232 NP_958816 NP_958817 NP_001185752 NP_001185753 NP_001185754 NP_001185755 NP_031497 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 25.88 – 26.17 Mb Chr 16: 84.75 – 84.97 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions as a cell surface receptor^[5] and has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation,^[6] neural plasticity,^[7] antimicrobial activity,^[8] and iron export.^[9] It is coded for by the gene APP and regulated by substrate presentation.^[10] APP is best known as the precursor molecule whose proteolysis generates amyloid beta (Aβ), a polypeptide containing 37 to 49 amino acid residues, whose amyloid fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.