Anders Behring Breivik

"Breivik" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see Breivik (surname). For other uses, see Breivik (disambiguation).

Anders Behring Breivik
Fjotolf Hansen
Born
Anders Behring Breivik

(1979-02-13) 13 February 1979 (age 45)
Oslo, Norway
Other names
  • Anders Breivik
  • Andrew Berwick
Political partyProgress Party (1999–2006)
Criminal statusIncarcerated
Conviction(s)
TrialTrial of Anders Behring Breivik
Criminal penalty21 years' preventive detention
Details
Date22 July 2011
Oslo: 15:25 CEST
Utøya: 17:22–18:34 CEST[1][2]
Location(s)Oslo and Utøya, Norway
Target(s)Norwegian Labour Party members and teenagers
Killed77 (8 in Oslo, 69 on Utøya)
Injured319[3]
WeaponsANFO car bomb
Ruger Mini-14 rifle
Glock 34 pistol
Imprisoned atRingerike Prison

Fjotolf Hansen[4] (born 13 February 1979), better known by his birth name Anders Behring Breivik (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂nːəʂ ˈbêːrɪŋ ˈbræ̂ɪviːk] ⓘ),[5] is a Norwegian neo-Nazi[12] terrorist.[13] He carried out the 22 July 2011 Norway attacks in which he killed eight people by detonating a van bomb at Regjeringskvartalet in Oslo, and then killed 69 participants of a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp, in a mass shooting on the island of Utøya.[14][15]

After Breivik was found psychologically competent to stand trial, his criminal trial was held in 2012.[16] That year, Breivik was found guilty of mass murder, causing a fatal explosion, and terrorism.[17][18] Breivik was sentenced to the maximum civilian criminal penalty in Norway, which is 21 years' imprisonment through preventive detention, allowing the possibility of one or more extensions for as long as he is deemed a danger to society.[19]

At the age of 16 in 1995, Breivik was arrested for spraying graffiti on walls.[20][21] He was not chosen for conscription into the Norwegian Armed Forces. At the age of 20, he joined the anti-immigration Progress Party, and chaired the local Vest Oslo branch of the party's youth organization in 2002. He joined a gun club in 2005.[22] He left the Progress Party in 2006. A company he founded was later declared bankrupt.[23] He had no declared income in 2009 and his assets were 390,000 kroner (equivalent to $72,063),[24] according to Norwegian tax authority figures.[25] He financed the terror attacks with a total of €130,000;[25] nine credit cards gave him access to credit.[26]

On the day of the attacks, Breivik emailed a compendium of texts entitled "2083: A European Declaration of Independence", describing his militant ideology.[27][28][29][30] In them, he stated his opposition to Islam and blamed feminism for a European "cultural suicide."[31][32] The text called for the deportation of all Muslims from Europe,[33][34] and Breivik wrote that his main motive for the attacks was to publicize his manifesto.[35] Two teams of court-appointed forensic psychiatrists examined Breivik before his trial. The first team diagnosed Breivik with paranoid schizophrenia,[36] but after this initial finding was criticized,[37] a second evaluation concluded that he was not psychotic during the attacks but did have narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.[38][39]

In 2016, Breivik won a partial victory in a lower court;[40] however, the case was lost on appeal in a higher court. Other than that, Breivik has repeatedly but unsuccessfully sued the Norwegian Correctional Service and appealed to the European Convention on Human Rights over solitary confinement and refusal of parole, which Breivik claims violated his human rights.

In November 2024, there will be a trial regarding[41] the possibility of being paroled. In the following December, there will be a trial in a court of appeals;[41] Breivik is suing the Government of Norway for violating his human rights by keeping him in prison isolation.[42][43][44]

  1. ^ "Notat – Redgjørelse Stortinget" (PDF). Politiet. 10 November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  2. ^ "Slik var Behring Breiviks bevegelser på Utøya". Aftenposten. 16 April 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  3. ^ "En av de sårede døde på sykehuset" [One of the wounded died in hospital]. Østlendingen (in Norwegian). 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  4. ^ "Norwegian killer Breivik changes his name". BBC News. 10 June 2017.
  5. ^ "Breivik pronouncing his own name". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  6. ^ "Bells toll in Norway to mark 10 years since neo-Nazi Breivik killed 77". Reuters. 22 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Norway extremist makes Nazi salute as he seeks parole just 10 years after killing 77". Times of Israel. 19 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Anders Breivik: Mass murderer sues Norway over prison isolation". BBC News. 9 January 2024. A neo-Nazi who killed 77 people in Norway in 2011 is suing the country in a bid to end his years in isolation.
  9. ^ "Court rejects parole for neo-Nazi mass murderer Breivik". Deutsche Welle. 1 February 2022.
  10. ^ "Psychiatrist says Breivik is stable and should be out, and as breivik said what he did was a good thing hitting parole chances". France 24. 19 January 2022. Neo-Nazi Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks, was sentenced in 2012 to 21 years in prison, which can be extended as long as he is considered a threat.
  11. ^ "Norway's far-right mass killer Breivik sues state over prison isolation". Al Jazeera. 19 August 2023. A neo-Nazi, Breivik killed 77 people, most of them teenagers, in shootings and a bombing attack in Norway's worst peacetime atrocity in July 2011.
  12. ^ Sources describing Breivik as neo-Nazi include:[6][7][8][9][10][11]
  13. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (20 April 2016). "Anders Breivik: Right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in Norway massacre wins part of human rights case". The Independent. London, England. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  14. ^ Lewis, Mark; Cowell, Alan (24 August 2012). "Norway Killer Is Ruled Sane and Given 21 Years in Prison". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  15. ^ Pracon, Adrian (1 June 2012). "Utøya, a survivor's story: 'No!' I yelled. 'Don't shoot!'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  16. ^ "Rettssaken – Aktoratets prosedyre" [The trial – The defense counsel's closing] (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  17. ^ The verdict convicts Breivik for violations of the criminal code §147 (terrorism), §148 (fatal explosion), and §233 (murder).
  18. ^ "Mass killer Anders Breivik sentencing – live text coverage". RAPSI. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  19. ^ "En modig dom". 24 August 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dagbladet_2012-04-03 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ "Father of Norway attack suspect says in shock". Reuters. 24 July 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  22. ^ [1]. Retrieved 11 April 2021. "Oslo pistolklubb bekrefter at Anders Behring Breivik har vært medlem av klubben fra 2005 til 2007 og siden juni 2010, opplyser pistolklubben i en pressemelding."
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference EarlierCompanyBankrupt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference dollars was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference DN.se was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference GuardianBusiness was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference jpost-islamophobia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Kumano-Ensby, Anne Linn (23 July 2011). "Sendte ut ideologisk bokmanus en time før bomben". NRK News (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  29. ^ Avkristina Overnight. "Var aktiv i norsk antiislamsk organisasjon – Nyheter – Innenriks". Aftenposten.no. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  30. ^ Bjoern Amland; Sarah Dilorenzo (24 July 2011). "Lawyer: Norway suspect wanted a revolution". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  31. ^ Jones, Jane Clare (27 July 2011). "Anders Breivik's chilling anti-feminism". The Guardian.
  32. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (24 July 2011). "Norway Killer's Hatred of Women". The Daily Beast.
  33. ^ Buehrer, Jack (27 July 2011). "Oslo terrorist sought guns in Prague". The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2015.
  34. ^ McIntyre, Jody. "Anders Behring Breivik: a disturbing ideology". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012.
  35. ^ "Norway Shooting Suspect Breivik Is Ordered Into Isolation for Four Weeks". Bloomberg L.P. 25 July 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  36. ^ Olsen, Ole N.; Andresen, David (29 November 2011). "Rettspsykiaterne beskriver bisarre vrangforestillinger hos Breivik". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  37. ^ "Norway killer Breivik is 'not psychotic', say experts". BBC News. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  38. ^ "Norway's mass killer Breivik 'declared sane'". BBC News. 10 April 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  39. ^ Lewis, Mark and Cowell, Alan (16 April 2012). "Norwegian Man Claims Self-Defense in Killings". The New York Times. New York City.
  40. ^ "Breivik vant over staten i saken om soningsforholdene". aftenbladet.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 20 April 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  41. ^ a b Ighoubah, Farid (11 July 2024). "Staten sparer millionbeløp – derfor får ikke Anders Behring Breivik viljen sin". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  42. ^ NRK (19 October 2023). "Aftenposten: Datoen klar for Breiviks neste rettsrunde". NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  43. ^ "Norway court says mass killer Breivik's prison isolation not 'inhumane'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  44. ^ Solheim, Eric Kjerstad (27 May 2024). "Aftenposten: Anders Behring Breivik får ny rettssak". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 August 2024.