Anna Akhmatova | |
|---|---|
 Akhmatova in 1922 (portrait by Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin) | |
| Born | Anna Andreevna Gorenko 23 June [O.S. 11 June] 1889 Odessa, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 5 March 1966 (aged 76) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Poet, translator, memoirist |
| Literary movement | Acmeism |
| Spouse | |
| Partner | Nikolai Punin (died in GULAG labour camp in 1953) |
| Children | Lev Gumilev |
| Signature | |
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Anna Andreyevna Gorenko[Notes 1] (23 June [O.S. 11 June] 1889 – 5 March 1966), better known by the pen name Anna Akhmatova,[Notes 2] was a Russian poet, one of the most significant of the 20th century. She reappeared as a voice of Russian poetry during World War II. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965 and 1966.[2]
Akhmatova's work ranges from short lyric poems to intricately structured cycles, such as Requiem (1935–40), her tragic masterpiece about the Stalinist terror. Her style, characterised by its economy and emotional restraint, was strikingly original and distinctive to her contemporaries. The strong and clear leading female voice struck a new chord in Russian poetry.[3] Her writing can be said to fall into two periods – the early work (1912–25) and her later work (from around 1936 until her death), divided by a decade of reduced literary output.[3] Her work was condemned and censored by Stalinist authorities, and she is notable for choosing not to emigrate and remaining in the Soviet Union, acting as witness to the events around her. Her perennial themes include meditations on time and memory, and the difficulties of living and writing in the shadow of Stalinism.
Primary sources of information about Akhmatova's life are relatively scant, as war, revolution and the Soviet regime caused much of the written record to be destroyed. For long periods she was in official disfavour and many of those who were close to her died in the aftermath of the revolution.[4] Akhmatova's first husband, Nikolay Gumilyov, was executed by the Soviet secret police, and her son Lev Gumilyov and her common-law husband Nikolay Punin spent many years in the Gulag, where Punin died.
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- ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
- ^ Nomination archive – Anna Achmatova nobelprize.org
- ^ a b Harrington (2006) p. 11
- ^ Wells (1996) p. 2