Anthocharis cardamines

Orange tip
	Male, Geiranger, Norway
	Female, Rosenfeld, Germany
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Anthocharis
Species:	A. cardamines
Binomial name
	Anthocharis cardamines; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Subspecies
	See subspecies
Synonyms
	Euchloë cardamines;

Anthocharis cardamines, the orange tip, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae, which contains about 1,100 species. A. cardamines is mainly found throughout Europe and temperate Asia (Palearctic)^[2] The males feature wings with a signature orange pigmentation, which is the origin of A. cardamines' common name.^[3]

Males and females of this species occupy different habitats: males mostly frequent the edges of forests whereas females frequent meadows. A. cardamines feeds on most plants found within its habitat but the females selectively oviposit on young inflorescence of crucifers.

Mating is usually controlled by females as virgin females found in flight are always pursued by males immediately.^[4] Females can signal different meanings to the approaching males by using their abdomen. There is evidence that mated females have an anti-aphrodisiac and that their usage of the abdomen has a closely related function in presenting these pheromones to males.

This species has been affected by changing temperatures, and its first appearance has shifted forward 17.3 days in the Spring.

^ van Swaay, C.; Wynhoff, I.; Verovnik, R.; Wiemers, M.; López Munguira, M.; Maes, D.; Sasic, M.; Verstrael, T.; Warren, M.; Settele, J. (2010). "Anthocharis cardamines (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T160753A5378407. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
van Swaay, C.; Wynhoff, I.; Wiemers, M.; Katbeh-Bader, A.; Power, A.; Benyamini, D.; Tzirkalli, E.; Balletto, E.; Monteiro, E.; Karaçetin, E.; Franeta, F.; Pe'er, G.; Welch, H.; Thompson, K.; Pamperis, L.; Dapporto, L.; Šašić, M.; López Munguira, M.; Micevski, N.; Dupont, P.; Garcia-Pereira, P.; Moulai, R.; Caruana, R.; Verovnik, R.; Bonelli, S.; Beshkov, S. (2014). "Anthocharis cardamines (Mediterranean assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T160753A53707517. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
^ Kudrna, Otakar (2011). Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Europe. Gesellschaft für Schmetterlingsschutz e.V. p. 51. ISBN 978-3-938249-70-3.
^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Wiklund C, Forsberg J (1986). "Courtship and male discrimination between virgin and mated females in the orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines". Animal Behaviour. 34 (2): 328–332. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80100-2. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 53182441.

[IUCN-1] van Swaay, C.; Wynhoff, I.; Verovnik, R.; Wiemers, M.; López Munguira, M.; Maes, D.; Sasic, M.; Verstrael, T.; Warren, M.; Settele, J. (2010). "Anthocharis cardamines (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T160753A5378407. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
van Swaay, C.; Wynhoff, I.; Wiemers, M.; Katbeh-Bader, A.; Power, A.; Benyamini, D.; Tzirkalli, E.; Balletto, E.; Monteiro, E.; Karaçetin, E.; Franeta, F.; Pe'er, G.; Welch, H.; Thompson, K.; Pamperis, L.; Dapporto, L.; Šašić, M.; López Munguira, M.; Micevski, N.; Dupont, P.; Garcia-Pereira, P.; Moulai, R.; Caruana, R.; Verovnik, R.; Bonelli, S.; Beshkov, S. (2014). "Anthocharis cardamines (Mediterranean assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T160753A53707517. Retrieved 3 July 2024.

[:0-2] Kudrna, Otakar (2011). Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Europe. Gesellschaft für Schmetterlingsschutz e.V. p. 51. ISBN 978-3-938249-70-3.

[:5-3] Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[WiklundForsberg1986-4] Wiklund C, Forsberg J (1986). "Courtship and male discrimination between virgin and mated females in the orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines". Animal Behaviour. 34 (2): 328–332. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80100-2. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 53182441.

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