| Common antibody characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Antigen source | Triticum aestivum |
| Isoform-specific characteristics of α/β-gliadin | |
| Antigen gene | Gli-X2 |
| Affected organ(s) | Intestine (Small) |
| Also affected | Epithelial extracellular matrix |
| Associated disease(s) | Coeliac disease |
| Antibody class | IgA, IgG |
| HLA associations | DQ2.5, DQ8, DQ2.2/DQ7.5 |
| Isoform-specific characteristics of γ-gliadin | |
| Antigen gene | Gli-X3 |
| Affected organ(s) | (See α/β-gliadin) |
| Associated disease(s) | Coeliac disease |
| Antibody class | IgA, IgG |
| HLA associations | DQ2.5, DQ8, DQ2.2/DQ7.5 |
| Isoform-specific characteristics of ω-gliadin | |
| Biological source | & Aegilops speltoides |
| Antigen gene | Gli-B1 |
| Affected organ(s) | Vascular, Respiratory |
| Affected tissue(s) | Serum, Dermis |
| Affected cells(s) | Mast cells, Eosinophils |
| Associated disease(s) | EIA, Baker's Allergy |
| Antibody class | IgE |
Anti-gliadin antibodies are produced in response to gliadin, a prolamin found in wheat. In bread wheat it is encoded by three different alleles, AA, BB, and DD. These alleles can produce slightly different gliadins, which can cause the body to produce different antibodies. Some of these antibodies can detect proteins in specific grass taxa such as Triticeae (Triticeae glutens), while others react sporadically with certain species in those taxa, or over many taxonomically defined grass tribes.