Antibody-dependent enhancement

"Immune enhancement" redirects here. For immune enhancement in another sense, see autologous immune enhancement therapy.
Not to be confused with immunoenhancement.

In antibody-dependent enhancement, sub-optimal antibodies (the blue Y-shaped structures in the graphic) bind to both viruses and Fc gamma receptors (labeled FcγRII) expressed on immune cells, promoting infection of these cells.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), sometimes less precisely called immune enhancement or disease enhancement, is a phenomenon in which binding of a virus to suboptimal antibodies enhances its entry into host cells, followed by its replication.[1][2] The suboptimal antibodies can result from natural infection or from vaccination. ADE may cause enhanced respiratory disease, but is not limited to respiratory disease.[3] It has been observed in HIV, RSV, and Dengue virus and is monitored for in vaccine development.[4]

  1. ^ Tirado SM, Yoon KJ (2003). "Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease". Viral Immunology. 16 (1): 69–86. doi:10.1089/088282403763635465. PMID 12725690.
  2. ^ Wilder-Smith A, Hombach J, Ferguson N, Selgelid M, O'Brien K, Vannice K, et al. (January 2019). "Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Viral Infections". Dynamics of Immune Activation in Viral Diseases. Vol. 19. Springer. pp. e31–e38. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1045-8_2. ISBN 978-981-15-1044-1. PMC 7119964. PMID 30195995. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Su S, Du L, Jiang S (March 2021). "Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 19 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00462-y. ISSN 1740-1526. PMC 7566580. PMID 33067570.
  4. ^ "Why ADE Hasn't Been a Problem With COVID Vaccines". www.medpagetoday.com. 2021-03-16. Retrieved 2022-04-05.