The Antidotarium Nicolai, also known as the Antidotarium parvum or small antidotarium, was a late 11th[1] or early 12th-century Latin book with about 150 recipes for the creation of medicines from plants and minerals. It was written in the circles of the Schola Medica Salernitana, the center of European medical knowledge in the High Middle Ages. It was based in part on the Antidotarium of Constantine the African, an 11th-century work also written in Salerno which was itself partially a translation of older Arabic works.[2] It has been called "without doubt one of the most influential medical texts in medieval literature",[3] "the essential pharmacopeia of the Middle Ages"[4] and "the bible of medieval practical pharmacy".[5] It was often coupled with the Circa instans, another 12th-century compendium of less complex medicines.[6]