Antimony trisulfide

Antimony trisulfide
Names
IUPAC names
Antimony(III) sulfide
Diantimony trisulfide
Other names
  • Antimonous sulfide
  • Antimony sesquisulfide
  • Antimony sulfide
  • Antimony vermilion
  • Black antimony
  • Sulphuret of antimony
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.014.285 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3O.2Sb
    Key: IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S
Properties
Sb2S3
Molar mass 339.70 g·mol−1
Appearance Grey or black orthorhombic crystals (stibnite)
Density 4.562g cm−3 (stibnite)[1]
Melting point 550 °C (1,022 °F; 823 K) (stibnite)[1]
Boiling point 1,150 °C (2,100 °F; 1,420 K)
0.00017 g/(100 mL) (18 °C)
−86.0·10−6 cm3/mol
4.046
Thermochemistry
123.32 J/(mol·K)
−157.8 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
> 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[2]
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
 Arsenic trisulfide
Bismuth(III) sulfide
Related compounds
 Antimony pentasulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is found in nature as the crystalline mineral stibnite and the amorphous red mineral (actually a mineraloid)[3] metastibnite.[4] It is manufactured for use in safety matches, military ammunition, explosives and fireworks. It also is used in the production of ruby-colored glass and in plastics as a flame retardant.[5] Historically the stibnite form was used as a grey pigment in paintings produced in the 16th century.[6] In 1817, the dye and fabric chemist, John Mercer discovered the non-stoichiometric compound Antimony Orange (approximate formula Sb2S3·Sb2O3), the first good orange pigment available for cotton fabric printing.[7]

Antimony trisulfide was also used as the image sensitive photoconductor in vidicon camera tubes. It is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.8–2.5 eV.[citation needed] With suitable doping, p and n type materials can be produced.[8]

  1. ^ a b Haynes, W. M., ed. (2014). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (95th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 4–48. ISBN 978-1-4822-0867-2.
  2. ^ a b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ "Metastibnite".
  4. ^ SUPERGENE METASTIBNITE FROM MINA ALACRAN, PAMPA LARGA, COPIAPO, CHILE, Alan H Clark, THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST. VOL. 55., 1970
  5. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 581–582. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ^ Eastaugh, Nicholas (2004). Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-7506-5749-5.
  7. ^ Parnell, Edward A (1886). The life and labours of John Mercer. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 23.
  8. ^ Electrochemistry of Metal Chalcogenides, Mirtat Bouroushian, Springer, 2010