Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac | |
|---|---|
 Statue of Cadillac in Hart Plaza in Detroit, Michigan | |
| 3rd French Colonial Governor of Louisiana | |
| In office 1713–1716 | |
| Monarchs | Louis XIV Louis XV |
| Preceded by | Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville |
| Succeeded by | Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Antoine Laumet March 5, 1658 Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Grave, Kingdom of France |
| Died | October 16, 1730 (aged 72) Castelsarrasin, Kingdom of France |
| Resting place | Church of the Carmelite Fathers of Castelsarrasin |
| Spouse | Marie-Thérèse Guyon |
| Occupation | Governor, explorer, adventurer |
| Known for | Founder of Detroit |
| Signature | .png) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of France |
| Branch/service | French Navy |
| Years of service | 1675–1718 |
| Awards | Order of Saint Louis Chevalier |
Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac (/ˈkædɪlæk/, French: [kadijak]; March 5, 1658 – October 16, 1730), born Antoine Laumet, was a French explorer and adventurer in New France, which stretched from Eastern Canada to Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico. He rose from a modest beginning in Acadia in 1683 as an explorer, trapper, and a trader of alcohol and furs, achieving various positions of political importance in the colony. He was the commander of Fort de Buade in St. Ignace, Michigan, in 1694. In 1701, he founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit (which became the city of Detroit); he was commandant of the fort until 1710. Between 1710 and 1716, he was the governor of Louisiana, although he did not arrive in that territory until 1713.[1]
His knowledge of the coasts of New England and the Great Lakes area was appreciated by Frontenac, governor of New France, and Pontchartrain, Secretary of State for the Navy. This earned him various favors, including the Order of Saint Louis from King Louis XIV. The Jesuits in Canada, however, accused him of perverting the Native Americans with his alcohol trading, and he was imprisoned for a few months in Quebec in 1704, and again in the Bastille on his return to France in 1717.[1]
Upon his arrival in America, La Mothe adopted his title after the town of Cadillac, Gironde in southwestern France. The city of Detroit became the world center of automobile production in the 20th century. William H. Murphy and Henry M. Leland founded the Cadillac auto company and paid homage to him by using his name for their company and his self-created armorial bearings as its logo in 1902.[2] Various places bear his name in America, in particular Cadillac Mountain in Maine and the town of Cadillac, Michigan.
He was widely hailed as a hero until the 1950s and the rise of liberal scholarship,[3] but more recent writers have criticized him. One, W. J. Eccles, claims that "he most definitely was not one of the 'great early heroes' and probably deserves to be ranked with the 'worst scoundrels ever to set foot in New France'."[4]
- ^ a b Brasseaux, 2000
- ^ William Pelfrey (2006). Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History. AMACOM. p. 70. ISBN 978-0814408698.
- ^ Eccles, 1959
- ^ Yves F. Zoltvany. "Laumet, dit de Lamothe Cadillac, Antoine," Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, vol 2