Antoinette Konikow

Antoinette Konikow
Born	(1869-11-11)November 11, 1869 Russia
Died	July 2, 1946(1946-07-02) (aged 76) Boston, Massachusetts, US
Notable work	Voluntary Motherhood
Political party	Socialist Labor Party of America Social Democracy of America Social Democratic Party of America Workers Party of America Communist Party of America Communist League of America
Movement	Trotskyism Birth control movement

Antoinette F. Buchholz Konikow (November 1869 – 2 July 1946)^[1] was an American physician, Marxist, and radical political activist. Konikow is best remembered as one of the pioneers of the American birth control movement and as a founding member of the Communist Party of America, forerunner of the Communist Party, USA. Expelled from the Communist Party as a supporter of Leon Trotsky in the fall of 1928, Konikow went on to become a founder of the Communist League of America, the main Trotskyist organization in the United States. Konikow's 1923 book, Voluntary Motherhood, is regarded as a seminal work in the history of 20th Century American feminism.