Anton Makarenko

For the Ukrainian football player, see Anton Makarenko (footballer).
Anton Semyonovich Makarenko
BornАнтон Семёнович Макаренко
(1888-03-13)13 March 1888
Belopolye, Sumsky Uyezd, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire
(now Sumy Oblast, Ukraine)
Died1 April 1939(1939-04-01) (aged 51)
Golitsyno, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
OccupationEducator, writer
LanguageRussian[1][2]
CitizenshipSoviet
SubjectEducational theory, Pedagogy, Correctional education

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko (Russian: Анто́н Семёнович Мака́ренко, Ukrainian: Антон Семенович Макаренко, romanized: Anton Semenovych Makarenko; 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1888 – 1 April 1939), was a Soviet educator, social worker and writer. He became the most influential educational theorist in the Soviet Union;[3] along with promoting principles in educational theory and practice. As one of the founders of Soviet pedagogy, he elaborated the theory and methodology of upbringing in self-governing child collectives and introduced the concept of productive labor into the educational system. Makarenko's books have appeared in many countries.[4]

In the aftermath of the Revolution of 1917, he established self-supporting orphanages for street children — including juvenile delinquents — left orphaned by the Russian Civil War of 1917-1923. These establishments included the Gorky Colony and later the Dzerzhinsky labor commune (where the FED camera was produced) in Kharkiv. Makarenko wrote several books, of which The Pedagogical Poem (Педагогическая поэма; published in English as The Road to Life), a fictionalized story of the Gorky Colony, became especially popular in the Soviet Union.[5] A 1955 Soviet movie with English title Road to Life was based on this book.[3] Makarenko died under unclear circumstances in 1939.[5]

In 1988 UNESCO ranked Makarenko as one of four educators (along with John Dewey, Georg Kerschensteiner, and Maria Montessori) who determined the world's pedagogical thinking of the 20th century.[6]

  1. ^ Гётц Хиллиг http://makarenko-museum.ru/lib/Science/Hillig/art_cmr_8_160_1989_n_30_1_2180m.pdf К вопросу национального самосознания А. С. Макаренко (in Russian)
  2. ^ Макаренко В. С. Мой брат Антон Семёнович. Марбург, 1985 г., с. 79 (in Russian)
  3. ^ a b "Anton Semyonovich Makarenko". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
  4. ^ Filonov, G. N. (1994) 'Anton Makarenko (1888–1939)', in Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, Paris. vol. XXIV, no. 1/2, 1994, p. 77-91.
  5. ^ a b Hillig, Götz (1989). Geschichten aus der Zeit der Wirren (1938 -1941): vom Leidensweg des Schriftstellers Makarenko, vom plotzlichen Tod des Menschen Makarenko und von der wundersamen Auferstehung des Padagogen Makarenko. pp. 71–86.
  6. ^ КОРАБЛЁВА, ТАТЬЯНА ФЁДОРОВНА (2000). "Filosofsko-eticheskie aspekty teorii kollektiva A.S. Makarenko" ФИЛОСОФСКО-ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕОРИИ КОЛЛЕКТИВА А.С. МАКАРЕНКО [Philosophico-ethical aspects of A. S. Makaerenko's theory of the collective]. Moscow: РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК: ИНСТИТУТ ФИЛОСОФИИ. Retrieved 25 June 2021. Свидетельством международного признания А.С. Макаренко стало известное решение ЮНЕСКО (1988), касающееся всего четырёх педагогов, определивших способ педагогического мышления в ХХ веке. Это – Д. Дьюи, Г. Кершенштайнер, М. Монтессори, А. Макаренко.