Apalutamide

Apalutamide
Clinical data
Trade namesErleada, others
Other namesARN-509; JNJ-56021927; JNJ-927; A52
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa618018
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth[2]
Drug classNonsteroidal antiandrogen
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability100%[2]
Protein bindingApalutamide: 96%[2]
NDMA: 95%[2]
MetabolismLiver (CYP2C8, CYP3A4)[2]
Metabolites• NDMATooltip N-Desmethylapalutamide[2]
Elimination half-lifeApalutamide: 3–4 days (at steady-state)[7][2]
ExcretionUrine: 65%[2]
Feces: 24%[2]
Identifiers
  • 4-[7-[6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-8-oxo-6-sulfanylidene-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl]-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.235.115 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H15F4N5O2S
Molar mass477.44 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CNC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=S)N(C(=O)C23CCC3)C4=CN=C(C(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C#N)F
  • InChI=1S/C21H15F4N5O2S/c1-27-17(31)13-4-3-11(8-15(13)22)30-19(33)29(18(32)20(30)5-2-6-20)12-7-14(21(23,24)25)16(9-26)28-10-12/h3-4,7-8,10H,2,5-6H2,1H3,(H,27,31)
  • Key:HJBWBFZLDZWPHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Apalutamide, sold under the brand name Erleada among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) medication used for the treatment of prostate cancer.[2][8][9] It is an androgen receptor inhibitor.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2][10]

Side effects of apalutamide when added to castration include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, high blood pressure, rash, falls, bone fractures, and an underactive thyroid.[2][11][12][10][13] Rarely, it can cause seizures.[2][10] The medication has a high potential for drug interactions.[2][10] Apalutamide is an antiandrogen, and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.[2][10][14] In doing so, it prevents the effects of these hormones in the prostate gland and elsewhere in the body.[2][10][14]

Apalutamide was first described in 2007, and was approved for the treatment of prostate cancer in February 2018.[8][9][10][15] It is the first medication to be approved specifically for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.[2][10][9]

  1. ^ "Apalutamide (Erleada) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Erleada- apalutamide tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 27 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Product monograph including patient medication information" (PDF). Janssen Inc. 6 July 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  4. ^ "Regulatory Decision Summary for Erleada". Health Canada. 2 August 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Drug and medical device highlights 2018: Helping you maintain and improve your health". Health Canada. 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Erleada EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference RathkopfMorris2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b "FDA approves new treatment for a certain type of prostate cancer using novel clinical trial endpoint". Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  9. ^ a b c Mulcahy N (14 February 2018). "FDA Approves Apalutamide for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer". Medscape. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Al-Salama ZT (April 2018). "Apalutamide: First Global Approval". Drugs. 78 (6): 699–705. doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0900-z. PMID 29626324. S2CID 4653827.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid22852027 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid23355790 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid29856649 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference pmid22266222 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference WO2007126765 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).