Apolipoprotein E

APOE
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesAPOE, AD2, APO-E, LDLCQ5, LPG, apolipoprotein E, ApoE4
External IDsOMIM: 107741; MGI: 88057; HomoloGene: 30951; GeneCards: APOE; OMA:APOE - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001302691
NM_000041
NM_001302688
NM_001302689
NM_001302690

NM_009696
NM_001305819
NM_001305843
NM_001305844

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000032
NP_001289617
NP_001289618
NP_001289619
NP_001289620

NP_001292748
NP_001292772
NP_001292773
NP_033826

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 44.91 – 44.91 MbChr 7: 19.43 – 19.43 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases.[5] It is encoded in humans by the gene APOE.

Apo-E belongs to a family of fat-binding proteins called apolipoproteins. In the circulation, it is present as part of several classes of lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, and some HDL.[6] Apo-E interacts significantly with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is essential for the normal processing (catabolism) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.[7] In peripheral tissues, Apo-E is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, and mediates cholesterol metabolism. In the central nervous system, Apo-E is mainly produced by astrocytes and transports cholesterol to neurons[8] via Apo-E receptors, which are members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family.[9] Apo-E is the principal cholesterol carrier in the brain.[10] Apo-E qualifies as a checkpoint inhibitor of the classical complement pathway by complex formation with activated C1q.[11]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130203Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002985Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Stolerman IP, ed. (2010). Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology (Online ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3540686989.
  6. ^ Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (April 2009). "Apolipoprotein E: structure determines function, from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer's disease to AIDS". Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (Suppl): S183–S188. doi:10.1194/jlr.R800069-JLR200. PMC 2674716. PMID 19106071.
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E".
  8. ^ Wang H, Kulas JA, Wang C, Holtzman DM, Ferris HA, Hansen SB (August 2021). "Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33): 2020.06.18.159632. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11802191W. bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.06.18.159632. doi:10.1073/pnas.2102191118. PMC 8379952. PMID 34385305. S2CID 220044671.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Liu2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Puglielli L, Tanzi RE, Kovacs DM (April 2003). "Alzheimer's disease: the cholesterol connection". Nature Neuroscience. 6 (4): 345–351. doi:10.1038/nn0403-345. PMID 12658281. S2CID 5407666.
  11. ^ Yin C, Ackermann S, Ma Z, Mohanta SK, Zhang C, Li Y, et al. (March 2019). "ApoE attenuates unresolvable inflammation by complex formation with activated C1q". Nature Medicine. 25 (3): 496–506. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0336-8. PMC 6420126. PMID 30692699.