Archduchy of Austria

Archduchy of Austria
Archiducatus Austriae (Latin)
Erzherzogtum Österreich (German)
1453–1804
1867–1918
Motto: A.E.I.O.U.
(Motto for the House of Habsburg)
"All The World Is Subject To Austria"[1][2]
Full coat of arms with decorations:[3]
The Archduchy of Austria, 1477
The Archduchy of Austria, 1477
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire (1453–1806)
Crown land of the Habsburg monarchy (from 1526)
CapitalVienna
Common languagesCentral Bavarian, German, Renaissance Latin, Slovene
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)Austrian
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Archduke 
• 1453–1457
Ladislaus the Posthumous
(first formal archduke)
• 1792–1806
Francis I a
• 1916–1918
Charles I
Historical eraLate Middle Ages to Early modern period
• Duke Rudolf IV forged Privilegium Maius
1358/59
• Emperor Frederick III acknowledged archducal title
6 January 1453
• Joined Austrian Circle
1512
• Ferdinand I regent according to Worms agreement
28 April 1521
1740–1748
• Austrian Empire proclaimed
11 August 1804
• Holy Roman Empire dissolved
6 August 1806
30 August 1867
18 November 1918
• Disestablished
1918
Currency
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Austria
Republic of German-Austria
^a The title "Archduke of Austria" remained part of the official grand title of the rulers of Austria until 1918.

The Archduchy of Austria (Latin: Archiducatus Austriae; German: Erzherzogtum Österreich) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered at the Empire's southeastern periphery.

Its present name originates from the Frankish term Oustrich – Eastern Kingdom (east of the Frankish kingdom). The archduchy developed out of the Bavarian Margraviate of Austria, elevated to the Duchy of Austria according to the 1156 Privilegium Minus by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The House of Habsburg came to the Austrian throne in Vienna in 1282 and in 1453 Emperor Frederick III, also the ruler of Austria, officially adopted the archducal title. From the 15th century onward, all Holy Roman Emperors but one were Austrian archdukes and with the acquisition of the Bohemian and Hungarian crown lands in 1526, the Habsburg hereditary lands became the centre of a major European power.[4]

The archduchy's history as an imperial state ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. It was replaced with the Lower and Upper Austria crown lands of the Austrian Empire.[5][6]

  1. ^ Heimann, Heinz-Dieter (2010). Die Habsburger : Dynastie und Kaiserreiche. Munich: Beck. pp. 38–45. ISBN 978-3-406-44754-9.
  2. ^ German: Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan (All soil is subject to Austria), Latin: Austriae est imperare orbi universo (Austria is to rule the whole world) Also known as. But in the book of the same author, another page in Latin "En, amor electis, iniustis ordinor ultor; Sic Fridericus ego mea iura rego" (En, the love of the elect, I am ordered to avenge the unjust; Thus, Frederick, I rule my rights) There are also others, but like House of Savoy's FERT, the official interpretation is not set.
  3. ^
    The Ströhl's depiction in his Wappenrolle Österreich-Ungarns (1890 and 1900)
    Hugo Gerhard Ströhl: Wappenrolle Österreich-Ungarns. Erste Auflage, Wien 1890, S. V-VI. and Wappenrolle Österreich-Ungarns. Dritte Auflage, Wien 1900, S. 14.
  4. ^ Banks, John (1761). A Compendious History of the House of Austria, and the German Empire, etc. H. Serjeant. pp. 398–.
  5. ^ Mitchell, A. Wess (2018). The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire. Princeton University Press. p. 307. ISBN 9781400889969.
  6. ^ "The House of Austria – the Habsburgs and the Empire". Habsburger Net. Retrieved May 17, 2020.