Armenians

Not to be confused with Arameans or Aromanians.

Armenians
Հայեր Hayer
Total population
c. 8 million[1] to 11–16 million[2]
Regions with significant populations
Armenia     2,961,514[3][4]
Russia1,182,388[5]–2,900,000[6]
United States1,000,366[7]–1,500,000[8]
France250,000[9]–750,000[10]
Georgia168,191[11]
  ∟ Abkhazia41,864[12]
Azerbaijan50-1,000
Lebanon150,000[13]
Iran120,000[14]
Germany90,000–110,000[15]
Ukraine[a]100,000 (2001)[16]
Brazil100,000[17][18]
Greece80,000[19]
Argentina70,000[20]
Turkey60,000[21]
300,000–5,000,000 (Hidden Armenians)[22][23]
Canada68,855[24]
Uzbekistan50,000–70,000[25]
Poland40,000–80,000[26][27][28]
Belgium40,000[29]
Spain40,000[30]
Bulgaria30,000[31]
Syria[b]25,000–30,000[32][33]
Kazakhstan25,000[34]
Australia22,526[35]
United Kingdom18,000–20,000[36][37][38]
Iraq10,000 (2011)
United Arab Emirates8,000–10,000[39]
Netherlands5,689–8,374 (2021)[40][41]
Israel and Palestine2,000–10,000[42][43]
Languages
Armenian · Armenian Sign
Religion
Mostly Christianity
(Apostolic · Catholic · Evangelical · Orthodox)
Minorities:
Non-religious · Sunni Islam · Armenian paganism (neopaganism)
Related ethnic groups
Hayhurum · Hemshin · Lom
^ n: by legal nationality
^ m: by nationality, naturalisation and descendant background

Armenians (Armenian: հայեր, romanized: hayer, [hɑˈjɛɾ]) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.[44][45][46] Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and constituted the main population of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh until the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh and the subsequent flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians.[47] There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around five million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil, Argentina, Syria, and Turkey. The present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian genocide with the exceptions of Iran, former Soviet states, and parts of the Levant.[48]

Armenian is an Indo-European language.[45][49] It has two mutually intelligible spoken and written forms: Eastern Armenian, today spoken mainly in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet republics; and Western Armenian, used in the historical Western Armenia and, after the Armenian genocide, primarily in the Armenian diasporan communities. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.

Most Armenians adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian Christian church, which is also the world's oldest national church. Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after Jesus' death, due to the efforts of two of his apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew.[50] In the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as a state religion,[51] followed by the first pilgrimages to the Holy Land where a community established the Armenian Quarter of Old Jerusalem.[42][52]

  1. ^ Different sources:
    • Dennis J.D. Sandole (24 January 2007). Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9781134145713. The nearly 3 million Armenians in Armenia (and 3–4 million in the Armenian Diaspora worldwide) 'perceive' the nearly 8 million Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan as 'Turks.'
    • McGoldrick, Monica; Giordano, Joe; Garcia-Preto, Nydia, eds. (18 August 2005). Ethnicity and Family Therapy, Third Edition (3 ed.). Guilford Press. p. 439. ISBN 9781606237946. The impact of such a horror on a group who presently number approximately 6 million, worldwide, is incalculable.
    • Sargsyan, Gevorg; Balabanyan, Ani; Hankinson, Denzel (2006). From Crisis to Stability in the Armenian Power Sector: Lessons Learned from Armenia's Energy Reform Experience (illustrated ed.). World Bank Publications. p. 18. ISBN 9780821365908. The country's estimated 3–6 million diaspora represent a major source of foreign direct investment in the country.
    • Arthur G. Sharp (15 September 2011). The Everything Guide to the Middle East: Understand the people, the politics, and the culture of this conflicted region. Adams Media. p. 137. ISBN 9781440529122. Since the newly independent Republic of Armenia was declared in 1991, nearly 4 million of the world's 6 million Armenians have been living on the eastern edge of their Middle Eastern homeland.
  2. ^ different sources:
    • Von Voss, Huberta (2007). Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World. New York: Berghahn Books. p. xxv. ISBN 9781845452575. ...there are some 8 million Armenians in the world...
    • Freedman, Jeri (2008). The Armenian genocide. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. p. 52. ISBN 9781404218253. In contrast to its population of 3.2 million, approximately 8 million Armenians live in other countries of the world, including large communities in the America and Russia.
    • Guntram H. Herb, David H. Kaplan (2008). Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview: A Global Historical Overview. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 1705. ISBN 9781851099085. A nation of some 8 million people, about 3 million of whom live in the newly independent post-Soviet state, Armenians are constantly battling not to lose their distinct culture, identity and the newly established statehood.
    • Robert A. Saunders; Vlad Strukov (2010). Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780810854758.
    • Philander, S. George (2008). Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Los Angeles: SAGE. p. 77. ISBN 9781412958783. An estimated 60 percent of the total 8 million Armenians worldwide live outside the country...
    • Robert A. Saunders; Vlad Strukov (2010). Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780810874602. Worldwide, there are more than 8 million Armenians; 3.2 million reside in the Republic of Armenia.
  3. ^ [1] Archived 21 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները (The results of the census conducted in October 2011 in the Republic of Armenia). pp. 6–7. (in Armenian)
  4. ^ Ministry of Culture of Armenia "The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information" Archived 10 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. As per the most recent census in 2011. "National minority" Archived 16 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ "Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации" [National makeup of the population of the Russian Federation] (Excel) (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  6. ^ Robert A. Saunders; Vlad Strukov (2010). Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8108-5475-8.
  7. ^ Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  8. ^
  9. ^ Thon, Caroline (2012). Armenians in Hamburg: an ethnographic exploration into the relationship between diaspora and success. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-643-90226-9.
  10. ^ Taylor, Tony (2008). Denial: history betrayed. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Pub. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-522-85482-4.
  11. ^ "National Statistics Office of Georgia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  12. ^ В Абхазии объявили данные переписи населения. Delfi (in Russian). 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2013. (According to the 2011 census).
  13. ^ Gibney, Matthew J. (2005). Immigration and asylum: from 1900 to the present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-57607-796-2.
  14. ^ Vardanyan, Tamara (21 June 2007). Իրանահայ համայնք. ճամպրուկային տրամադրություններ [The Iranian-Armenian community] (in Armenian). Noravank Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  15. ^ Sargsyan, Babken (8 December 2012). "Գերմանիաիի հայ համայնքը [Armenian community of Germany]" (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  16. ^ The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Kiev: State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2001, retrieved 5 January 2013[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^ Comunidade armênia prospera no Brasil, mas não abandona luta pela memória do massacre Archived 10 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. By Breno Salvador. O Globo, 24 April 2015
  18. ^ "Federal Senate of Brazil Recognizes Armenian Genocide". Armenian Weekly. 3 June 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  19. ^ Bedevyan, Astghik (18 January 2011). "Հունաստանի հայ համայնքը պատրաստվում է Հայաստանի նախագահի հետ հանդիպմանը [Armenian community of Greece preparing for the meeting with the Armenian president]" (in Armenian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Armenian Service. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  20. ^ Ayvazyan 2003, p. 100.
  21. ^ "Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey". Today's Zaman. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  22. ^ Basyurt, Erhan (26 December 2005). "Anneannem bir Ermeni'ymiş! [My Grandmother is Armenian]". Aksiyon (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013. 300 bin rakamının abartılı olduğunu düşünmüyorum. Bence daha da fazladır. Ama, bu konu maalesef akademik bir çabaya dönüşmemiş. Keşke akademisyen olsaydım ve sırf bu konu üzerinde bir çalışma yapsaydım.
  23. ^ Danielyan, Diana (1 July 2011). ""Azg": Is the awakening of Islamized Armenians in Turkey possible?". Hayern Aysor. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013. Dagch says according to different calculations, there are 3–5 million Islamized Armenians in Turkey
  24. ^ Canada National Household Survey, Statistics Canada, 2021, archived from the original on 21 December 2022, retrieved 20 December 2022. Of those, 38,010 reported single and 30,835 mixed Armenian ancestry.
  25. ^ Harutyunyan, Gagik (2009). ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ ՏԵՂԵԿԱՏՎԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՅՆՔԱՅԻՆ ՌԵՍՈՒՐՍՆԵՐԸ ՀԵՏԽՈՐՀՐԴԱՅԻՆ ԵՐԿՐՆԵՐՈՒՄ (PDF). Noravankʻ. p. 117. ISBN 9789939900070. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Diaspora – Poland". diaspora.gov.am. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  27. ^ "About Community". poland.mfa.am. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  28. ^ "Poland is going to establish trilateral business contacts with Armenia and Iran. – Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  29. ^ "Բելգիայում հայերի ներկայությունն անփոխարինելի է. Բրյուսելի քաղաքապետ". 1lurer. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  30. ^ "Armenian Diaspora in Spain". Embassy of Armenia to Spain. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  31. ^ "Bulgaria". Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  32. ^ Nalbandian, Naira (26 August 2019). "Սիրիայում մոտ 25–28 հազար հայ է մնացել, առաջնահերթ են սոցիալական խնդիրները․ դեսպան". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  33. ^ "Syria". Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  34. ^ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года". Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Ancestry | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  36. ^ "The Community / Համայնքի". Armenian Community Council of the UK. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  37. ^ "Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Education Trust supports Armenian exhibition". The University of Manchester. 20 May 2019. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  38. ^ "United Kingdom". Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  39. ^ "Diaspora – United Arab Emirates".
  40. ^ "CBS Statline". Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari" (in Dutch). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 22 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  42. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Jewish Virtual Library was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  43. ^ "Israel". The Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  44. ^ Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1–17
  45. ^ a b "Armenian Rarities Collection". www.loc.gov. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023. The lands of the Armenians were for millennia located in Eastern Anatolia, on the Armenian Highlands, and into the Caucasus Mountain range. First mentioned almost contemporaneously by a Greek and Persian source in the 6th century BC, modern DNA studies have shown that the people themselves had already been in place for many millennia. Those people the world know as Armenians call themselves Hay and their country Hayots' ashkharh–the land of the Armenians, today known as Hayastan. Their language, Hayeren (Armenian) constitutes a separate and unique branch of the Indo-European linguistic family tree. A spoken language until Christianity became the state religion in 314 AD, a unique alphabet was created for it in 407, both for the propagation of the new faith and to avoid assimilation into the Persian literary world.
  46. ^ "Armenia: Ancient and premodern Armenia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2018. The Armenians, an Indo-European people, first appear in history shortly after the end of the 7th century BCE[, d]riving some of the ancient population to the east of Mount Ararat [...]
  47. ^ Press, Associated (30 September 2023). "Almost all ethnic Armenians have left Nagorno-Karabakh". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  48. ^ Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian people from ancient to modern times: the fifteenth century to the twentieth century, Volume 2, p. 421, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997.
  49. ^ "Armenian (people) | Description, Culture, History, & Facts". Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  50. ^ see Hastings, Adrian (2000). A World History of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-8028-4875-8.
  51. ^ "Armenia first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion". Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  52. ^ Davis, Joyce M. (July 1992). "Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter". ONE Magazine. Catholic Near East Welfare Association. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.


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