^Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States, Jocelyne Cesari (ed.), Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States, vol. 1, Greenwood Press, 2007, ISBN978-0-313-33626-3, p. 457.
^
D. Westerlund (ed.), Sufism in Europe and North America, Sufism in Europe and North America, London–New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004, p. 123.
"Kabbani gives several examples of what he sees as the characteristics of the opposition between radical Islam and traditional Islam. Traditional Islam is described as peace-loving, moderate, a basis for unity and based on a democratic idea of the umma. Radical Islam, on the other hand, is violent, dictatorial, a source of fragmentation and destructive for the umma. Traditional Islam is apolitical and tolerant as long as the faithful are allowed to practise their religious duties, while radical Islam is engaged in politics solely to gain power and authority. Traditional Islam is characterised by knowledge and linked to a lineage of Muslim scholars who have a profound knowledge about the religious message, while radical Islam is characterised by a lack of knowledge, dilettantism and wrongful guidance."