Atlas (mythology)

This article is about the Titan. For other uses, see Atlas (disambiguation).
Atlas
The Farnese Atlas, the oldest surviving depiction of the celestial spheres.
AbodeWestern edge of Gaia (Earth), North Africa.
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RomanAtlas

In Greek mythology, Atlas (/ˈætləs/; Greek: Ἄτλας, Átlās) is a Titan condemned to hold up the heavens or sky for eternity after the Titanomachy. Atlas also plays a role in the myths of two of the greatest Greek heroes: Heracles (Hercules in Roman mythology) and Perseus. According to the ancient Greek poet Hesiod, Atlas stood at the ends of the earth in the extreme west.[1] Later, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa and was said to be the first King of Mauretania (modern-day Morocco and west Algeria, not to be confused with the modern-day country of Mauritania).[2] Atlas was said to have been skilled in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. In antiquity, he was credited with inventing the first celestial sphere. In some texts, he is even credited with the invention of astronomy itself.[3]

Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia[4] or Clymene.[5] He was a brother of Epimetheus and Prometheus.[6] He had many children, mostly daughters, the Hesperides, the Hyades, the Pleiades, and the nymph Calypso who lived on the island Ogygia.[7]

The term "atlas" has been used to describe a collection of maps since the 16th century when Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator published his work in honor of the mythological Titan.

The "Atlantic Ocean" is derived from "Sea of Atlas". The name of Atlantis mentioned in Plato's Timaeus' dialogue derives from "Atlantis nesos" (Ancient Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος), literally meaning "Atlas's Island".[8]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference 517–520 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Smith, s.v. Atlas
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Diodorus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Pseudo-Apollodorus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Asia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology. Infobase Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4381-2639-5.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Daughter was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "What does "Atlantis" mean? And why is the Space Shuttle Atlantis named after something underwater?". 8 July 2011.