Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford

Aubrey de Vere IV
2nd Earl of Oxford
Hedingham Castle, Essex, seat of the Earls of Oxford
Bornc. 1163
Died1214
burial in Colne Priory
Noble familyDe Vere
Spouse(s)Isabel de Bolebec
Alice
IssueRoger de Vere (illegitimate)
FatherAubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford
MotherAgnes of Essex

Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford (c. 1163 – 1214), hereditary Master Chamberlain of England,[1] served in military campaigns under King Richard and King John. He was succeeded in the earldom by his brother, Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford.

Aubrey de Vere, the eldest son and heir of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford, by his third wife, Agnes of Essex, the daughter of Henry of Essex, lord of Rayleigh, was born in 1163 or later.[1] He had three brothers, Ralph, Robert and Henry, and a sister, Alice. His brother Ralph predeceased him, and his brother Robert succeeded him as 3rd Earl in 1214.[2] The first notice of Aubrey de Vere is as a young boy witnessing his father's charters for Colne Priory.[1]

In 1194 Vere was with King Richard I in France, and succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 26 December of the same year.[1] In 1195 he was assessed to pay 500 marks towards the ransom of King Richard, who was being held captive by the Emperor Henry VI.[3]

In 1197 Oxford was again with King Richard in Normandy[3] when a dispute was litigated between Abbot Samson of Bury St Edmunds and some fifty tenants of the Abbey, including the earl of Oxford. Ultimately most of the tenants came to the King's court in London and acknowledged the Abbey's right to certain feudal aids. Earl Aubrey, the last to hold out, finally capitulated when the abbot seized and sold his plough-beasts.[4]

In 1204 Oxford paid 200 marks for the third penny of Oxfordshire and 'that he might be Earl of Oxford',[3] a confirmation of the title which had been granted to his father in July 1141 by the Empress Matilda during a time of civil war.[5] The title had already been confirmed to his father by Matilda's son, King Henry II and Aubrey III had been acknowledged earl of Oxford by Richard I and John. This payment five years after John took the throne is thus unusual.

In March 1208 Pope Innocent III placed England under an interdict.[6] At the time of the interdict Oxford is said to have been regarded as one of the King's 'evil counsellors'.[3] In the summer of 1209 he was among the courtiers who met the Pope's agents in Dover to try to prevent King John's excommunication.[citation needed] Their mission failed; Pope Innocent excommunicated the King in November of that year.[7]

In what may have been his last military service, the earl of Oxford was with King John's forces during a nine-week campaign in Ireland from June to August 1210.[8]

Among other appointments, Oxford was Keeper of the manor of Havering in 1208, Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire from 1208 to 1213, and steward of the Forest of Essex in 1213. On 20 June 1213 he had the King's greyhounds in his charge.[3]

Oxford died in 1214, in or before the month of October, and was buried at Colne Priory.[3] He was succeeded by his younger brother, Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford, later one of the guarantors of Magna Carta.[9]

  1. ^ a b c d Cokayne 1945, p. 208.
  2. ^ Cokayne 1945, pp. 113–114.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Cokayne 1945, p. 209.
  4. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 209.
  5. ^ Cokayne 1945, pp. 200–201.
  6. ^ Gillingham 2010.
  7. ^ Gillingham 2010.
  8. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 209; Gillingham 2010.
  9. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 261.