Aung San Suu Kyi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည် | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg) Aung San Suu Kyi in 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State Counsellor of Myanmar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 6 April 2016 – 1 February 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Min Aung Hlaing (as Chairman of the State Administration Council) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leader of the Opposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 2 May 2012 – 29 January 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Thein Sein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Sai Hla Kyaw | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Thein Sein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| General Secretary of the National League for Democracy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 27 September 1988 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chairperson of the National League for Democracy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 13 December 2011 – 28 March 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Office abolished | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Member of the House of Representatives for Kawhmu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 2 May 2012 – 30 March 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Soe Tint | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Vacant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Majority | 46,73 (71.38%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 19 June 1945 Rangoon, British Burma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | National League for Democracy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 2, including Alexander Aris | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relatives |
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| Residence | 54 University Avenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Full list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Signature |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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State Counsellor of Myanmar President of National League for Democracy Leader of the Opposition House Arrest General Elections Books Popular culture Family
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Daw Aung San Suu Kyi[a] (born 19 June 1945), sometimes abbreviated to Suu Kyi,[4] is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and pro-democracy activist who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar (equivalent to a prime minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021. She has served as the general secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD) since the party's founding in 1988 and was registered as its chairperson while it was a legal party from 2011 to 2023.[5][6][7] She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s.
The youngest daughter of Aung San, Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar, and Khin Kyi, Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon, British Burma. After graduating from the University of Delhi in 1964 and St Hugh's College, Oxford in 1968, she worked at the United Nations for three years. She married Michael Aris in 1972, with whom she had two children.
Aung San Suu Kyi rose to prominence in the 8888 Uprising of 8 August 1988 and became the General Secretary of the NLD, which she had newly formed with the help of several retired army officials who criticized the military junta. In the 1990 elections, NLD won 81% of the seats in Parliament, but the results were nullified, as the military government (the State Peace and Development Council – SPDC) refused to hand over power, resulting in an international outcry. She had been detained before the elections and remained under house arrest for almost 15 of the 21 years from 1989 to 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners.[8] In 1999, Time magazine named her one of the "Children of Gandhi" and his spiritual heir to nonviolence.[9] She survived an assassination attempt in the 2003 Depayin massacre when at least 70 people associated with the NLD were killed.[10]
Her party boycotted the 2010 elections, resulting in a decisive victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). Aung San Suu Kyi became a Pyithu Hluttaw MP while her party won 43 of the 45 vacant seats in the 2012 by-elections. In the 2015 elections, her party won a landslide victory, taking 86% of the seats in the Assembly of the Union—well more than the 67% supermajority needed to ensure that its preferred candidates were elected president and second vice president in the presidential electoral college. Although she was prohibited from becoming the president due to a clause in the constitution—her late husband and children are foreign citizens—she assumed the newly created role of State Counsellor of Myanmar, a role akin to a prime minister or a head of government.
When she ascended to the office of state counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi drew criticism from several countries, organisations and figures over Myanmar's inaction in response to the genocide of the Rohingya people in Rakhine State and refusal to acknowledge that the Myanmar's military had committed massacres.[11][12][13][14] Under her leadership, Myanmar also drew criticism for prosecutions of journalists.[15] In 2019, Aung San Suu Kyi appeared in the International Court of Justice where she defended the Myanmar military against allegations of genocide against the Rohingya.[16]
Aung San Suu Kyi, whose party had won the November 2020 Myanmar general election, was arrested on 1 February 2021 following a coup d'état that returned the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) to power and sparked protests across the country. Several charges were filed against her, and on 6 December 2021, she was sentenced to four years in prison on two of them. Later, on 10 January 2022, she was sentenced to an additional four years on another set of charges.[17] On 12 October 2022, she was convicted of two further charges of corruption and she was sentenced to two terms of three years' imprisonment to be served concurrent to each other.[18] On 30 December 2022, her trials ended with another conviction and an additional sentence of seven years' imprisonment for corruption. Aung San Suu Kyi's final sentence was of 33 years in prison,[19] later reduced to 27 years.[20] The United Nations, most European countries, and the United States condemned the arrests, trials, and sentences as politically motivated.[21]
- ^ "The School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London". Complete University Guide. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- ^ "Aung San Suu Kyi". Desert Island Discs. 27 January 2013. BBC Radio 4. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ "Definition of 'Aung San Suu Kyi'". Collins Dictionary.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
releasewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Aung San Suu Kyi Fast Facts". CNN. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Tharoor, Ishaan (9 November 2015). "What happened when Aung San Suu Kyi's party last won an election in Burma". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Min Ye Kyaw; Rebecca Ratcliffe (28 March 2023). "Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party dissolved". The Guardian. Bangkok, Thailand. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "5,000 days in captivity: The world's most famous political prisoner". The Independent. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ^ "The Children of Gandhi" (excerpt). Time. 31 December 1999. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
- ^ Zarni Mann (31 May 2013). "A Decade Later, Victims Still Seeking Depayin Massacre Justice". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (31 October 2017). "Did the World Get Aung San Suu Kyi Wrong?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Beech, Hannah (25 September 2017). "What Happened to Myanmar's Human-Rights Icon?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ "Dispatches – On Demand – All 4". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (12 November 2018). "Aung San Suu Kyi stripped of Amnesty's highest honour over 'shameful betrayal'". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Reuters-Nebehaywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
alj-zarniwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (10 January 2022). "Aung San Suu Kyi handed four-year jail term in military 'courtroom circus'". The Guardian.
- ^ "Graft convictions extend Suu Kyi's prison term to 26 years". ABC News. 12 October 2022.
- ^ "Suu Kyi's secretive Myanmar trials end with 7 more years of jail". Reuters. 30 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
pardonwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (6 December 2021). "Myanmar's junta condemned over guilty verdicts in Aung San Suu Kyi trial". The Guardian.
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