Australia, a close neighbour of both Indonesia and East Timor, was the only country to recognise Indonesia's annexation of East Timor.[1] Some members of the Australian public supported self-determination for East Timor,[2] and also actively supported the independence movement within Australia.[2] The Australian Government saw the need for both stability and good relations with their neighbour, Indonesia.[3] However, it was criticised in some quarters, including by Xanana Gusmão (the FRETILIN leader) for putting those issues above human rights.[4] In 1998, the Howard government changed its stance and supported East Timor self-determination, prompting a referendum that saw East Timor gain its independence.[5]