Autism rights movement

Autism acceptance symbol; an infinity symbol that is rainbow colored.
The rainbow-colored infinity symbol is a popular symbol among autism rights advocates. The colors symbolize the autism spectrum.[1]

The autism rights movement, also known as the autistic acceptance movement, is a social movement allied with the disability rights movement. It emphasizes the neurodiversity paradigm, viewing autism as a set of naturally occurring variations in human cognition, a disability with both strengths and weaknesses, rather than as a disease to be cured or a disorder to be treated,[2] diverging from the medical model of disability.

Central to the autism rights movement's beliefs is the right to self-determine if one is part of the autism community, that autistic people should be seen as the primary voice for people with autism, and that autistic people have the final say in what language should be used when talking about autism. A common motto used by the autism rights movement, borrowed from the disability rights movement, is the phrase "nothing about us without us".

Autism rights movement advocates strive for widespread acceptance of people with autism, as well as the traits and behaviors (e.g. stimming, lack of eye contact, and special interests) associated with the condition, and for autistic people to socialize on their own terms.[3] The movement seeks to foster autism-oriented interventions and therapies in accordance with neurodiversity principles to emphasize coping skills for challenging situations,[4] promote adaptive skills, and promote subjective well-being.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

The movement criticizes therapies and interventions that focus on suppressing and masking behaviors associated with autism or to imitate neurotypical behaviors. This is because some studies have shown that efforts to pass as non-autistic is associated with poorer mental health.[11][12] There have been accounts and qualitative evidence that some forms of behavioral interventions increase masking behaviors and worsen mental health for some autistic people.[13][14][15][16][17]

The movement also advocates for people with autism to be recognized as a minority group rather than as having a disorder. Within the autism rights movement, autism is often compared to different variations in human biology not categorized as disorders, such as homosexuality.[4][18]

  1. ^ Muzikar, Debra (20 April 2015). "The Autism Puzzle Piece: A symbol that's going to stay or go?". The Art of Autism. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  2. ^ Solomon, Andrew (25 May 2008). "The autism rights movement". New York. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  3. ^ Autism Network International presents Autreat. Archived 14 December 2001 at the Wayback Machine (23 May 2008) AIN.
  4. ^ a b Ratner, Paul (10 July 2016). "Should Autism Be Cured or Is "Curing" Offensive?". Big Think. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  5. ^ Leadbitter, Kathy; Buckle, Karen Leneh; Ellis, Ceri; Dekker, Martijn (12 April 2021). "Autistic Self-Advocacy and the Neurodiversity Movement: Implications for Autism Early Intervention Research and Practice". Frontiers in Psychology. 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635690. ISSN 1664-1078.
  6. ^ Lerner, Matthew D.; Gurba, Ava N.; Gassner, Dena L. (2023). "A framework for neurodiversity-affirming interventions for autistic individuals". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 91 (9): 503–504. doi:10.1037/ccp0000839. ISSN 1939-2117. PMC 10430771. PMID 37578755.
  7. ^ Pantazakos, Themistoklis; Vanaken, Gert-Jan (4 September 2023). "Addressing the autism mental health crisis: the potential of phenomenology in neurodiversity-affirming clinical practices". Frontiers in Psychology. 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225152. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 10507173. PMID 37731874.
  8. ^ Dallman, Aaron; Williams, Kathryn; Villa, Lauren (15 April 2022). "Neurodiversity-Affirming Practices are a Moral Imperative for Occupational Therapy". The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. 10 (2): 1–9. doi:10.15453/2168-6408.1937. ISSN 2168-6408.
  9. ^ Cherewick, Megan; Matergia, Michael (1 September 2024). "Neurodiversity in Practice: a Conceptual Model of Autistic Strengths and Potential Mechanisms of Change to Support Positive Mental Health and Wellbeing in Autistic Children and Adolescents". Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 8 (3): 408–422. doi:10.1007/s41252-023-00348-z. ISSN 2366-7540.
  10. ^ Dwyer, Patrick; Gurba, Ava N; Kapp, Steven K; Kilgallon, Elizabeth; Hersh, Lynnette H; Chang, David S; Rivera, Susan M; Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen (18 September 2024). "Community views of neurodiversity, models of disability and autism intervention: Mixed methods reveal shared goals and key tensions". Autism. doi:10.1177/13623613241273029. ISSN 1362-3613. PMID 39291753.
  11. ^ Cook, Julia; Hull, Laura; Crane, Laura; Mandy, William (2021). "Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review". Clinical Psychology Review. 89: 102080. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102080. PMID 34563942. S2CID 237942158. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022. While significant variation was noted across individual study findings, much of the existing literature supported three preliminary findings about the nature of autistic camouflaging: (1) adults with more self-reported autistic traits report greater engagement in camouflaging; (2) sex and gender differences exist in camouflaging; and (3) higher self-reported camouflaging is associated with worse mental health outcomes.
  12. ^ Zhuang, Sici; Tan, Diana Weiting; Reddrop, Susan; Dean, Lydia; Maybery, Murray; Magiati, Iliana (1 November 2023). "Psychosocial factors associated with camouflaging in autistic people and its relationship with mental health and well-being: A mixed methods systematic review". Clinical Psychology Review. 105: 102335. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102335. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 37741059.
  13. ^ McGill, O.; Robinson, A. "Recalling hidden harms: autistic experiences of childhood" (PDF). Strathprints.strath.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022. Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA). Advances in Autism
  14. ^ Schuck, Rachel K.; Tagavi, Daina M.; Baiden, Kaitlynn M. P.; Dwyer, Patrick; Williams, Zachary J.; Osuna, Anthony; Ferguson, Emily F.; Jimenez Muñoz, Maria; Poyser, Samantha K.; Johnson, Joy F.; Vernon, Ty W. (2021). "Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 52 (10): 4625–4645. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05316-x. PMC 9508016. PMID 34643863. S2CID 238744698.
  15. ^ Ne'eman, Ari (1 July 2021). "When Disability Is Defined by Behavior, Outcome Measures Should Not Promote "Passing"". AMA Journal of Ethics. 23 (7): E569–575. doi:10.1001/amajethics.2021.569. ISSN 2376-6980. PMC 8957386. PMID 34351268.
  16. ^ Anderson, Laura K. (2023). "Autistic experiences of applied behavior analysis". Autism. 27 (3): 737–750. doi:10.1177/13623613221118216. PMID 35999706.
  17. ^ "Results and Analysis of the Autistic Not Weird 2022 Autism Survey - Autistic Not Weird". 23 March 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  18. ^ Jaarsma, Pier; Welin, Stellan (2012). "Autism as a natural human variation: reflections on the claims of the neurodiversity movement". Health Care Analysis. 20 (1): 20–30. doi:10.1007/s10728-011-0169-9. ISSN 1573-3394. PMID 21311979. S2CID 18618887. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.