Autonomous Republic of Crimea
| |
|---|---|
Autonomous republic of Ukraine[a] | |
| Anthem: "Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина" (Russian)
Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina (transliteration) Your fields and mountains are magical, Motherland | |
 Location of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (red) before September 2023in Ukraine (light yellow) | |
 Location of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (light yellow) in the Crimean Peninsula | |
| Autonomy | 12 February 1991 |
| Constitution | 21 October 1998 |
| Russian occupation | 20 February 2014[b] |
| Annexed by Russia | 18 March 2014[2] |
| Capital and largest city | Simferopol |
| Official languages | Ukrainian, Russian, Crimean Tatar[3] |
| Ethnic groups (2001) |
|
| Government | Autonomous republic |
| Tamila Tasheva | |
| Legislature | Supreme Assembly (suspended) |
| Area | |
• Total | 26,100 km2 (10,100 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2001 census | 2,033,700 |
• Density | 77.9/km2 (201.8/sq mi) |
| ISO 3166 code | UA-43 |
The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an administrative division of Ukraine encompassing most of Crimea that was unilaterally annexed by Russia in 2014. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea occupies most of the peninsula,[4][5] while the City of Sevastopol (a city with special status within Ukraine) occupies the rest.
The Cimmerians, Scythians, Greeks, Goths, Huns, Bulgars, Khazars, Byzantine Greeks, the state of Kievan Rus', Kipchaks, Italians, and Golden Horde Mongols[6] and Tatars each controlled Crimea in its earlier history. In the 13th century, it was partly controlled by the Venetians and by the Genoese, and in the late 15th century, it was partly under Polish suzerainty.[7] They were followed by the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th to 18th centuries, the Russian Empire in the 18th to 20th centuries, Germany during World War II, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and later the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, within the Soviet Union during the rest of the 20th century until Crimea became part of independent Ukraine with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
After the Revolution of Dignity in February 2014, Russian troops took control of the territory.[8] Russia formally annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014, incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia.[9] While Russia and 17 other UN member states recognize Crimea as part of the Russian Federation, Ukraine continues to claim Crimea as an integral part of its territory, supported by most foreign governments and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262.[10]
The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an autonomous parliamentary republic within Ukraine[4] and was governed by the Constitution of Crimea in accordance with the laws of Ukraine. The capital and administrative seat of the republic's government is the city of Simferopol, located in the centre of the peninsula. Crimea's area is 26,200 square kilometres (10,100 sq mi) and its population was 1,973,185 as of 2007. These figures do not include the area and population of the City of Sevastopol (2007 population: 379,200), which is administratively separate from the autonomous republic. The peninsula thus has 2,352,385 people (2007 estimate).
Crimean Tatars, a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority who in 2001 made up 12.10% of the population,[11] formed in Crimea in the late Middle Ages, after the Crimean Khanate had come into existence. The Crimean Tatars were forcibly expelled to Central Asia by Joseph Stalin's government. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Crimean Tatars began to return to the region.[12] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census 58% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[11] The region has the highest proportion of Muslims in Ukraine.[11]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
10404918crimeawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Toal, Gerald; O’Loughlin, John; M. Bakke, Kristin (18 March 2020). "Six years and $20 billion in Russian investment later, Crimeans are happy with Russian annexation Point". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Verkhovna Rada of Crimea. "Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea". pp. Section 1, Article 10. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
In the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, alongside with the official language, the application and development, use and protection of Russian, Crimean Tatar and other ethnic groups' languages shall be secured.
- ^ a b Regions and territories: The Republic of Crimea, BBC News
- ^ "Government Portal of The Autonomous Republic of Crimea". Kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2011). The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania. International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th–18th Century). A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents. Leiden and Boston: Brill. p. 17. ISBN 978-90-04-19190-7.
- ^ "Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club". Kremlin.ru. 24 October 2014. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015.
I will be frank; we used our Armed Forces to block Ukrainian units stationed in Crimea
- ^ Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 17.03.2014 № 63-рп 'О подписании Договора между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов'. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
cnn20140318UNgawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c About number and composition population of Autonomous Republic of Crimea by data All-Ukrainian population census', Ukrainian Census (2001)
- ^ Pohl, J. Otto. The Stalinist Penal System: A Statistical History of Soviet Repression and Terror. Mc Farland & Company, Inc, Publishers. 1997. 23.