| Horizon | Late Woodland period |
|---|---|
| Geographical range | Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada and Montana in the U.S. |
| Dates | c. 460–1400 CE |
| Type site | Avonlea site |
| Preceded by | Besant culture |
| Followed by | Old Women's phase |
The Avonlea culture is a pre-Columbian archaeological culture of the upper Great Plains of Canada and the United States. It is defined by complexes of projectile points, pottery, and other artifacts discovered in archaeological sites concentrated in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan and in northern Montana. The culture has been dated to approximately 460 CE and lasted until about 800 to 1000 CE, making it a horizon culture for the beginning of the Late Woodland period.
Its type site is the Avonlea site in Saskatchewan, Canada. The Avonlea complex, traditionally associated with buffalo jumps and their associated occupation sites, provides some of the first evidence for large-scale bison hunting and the use of the bow and arrow on the northern Great Plains.