Avroman
Hawraman | |
|---|---|
Region | |
_05.jpg) A typical Kurdish village in Hawraman, Kurdistan Province, Iran, 2015 | |
| Country |  Iran Iraq |
| Official name | Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat |
| Location | A part of the Hawraman region in Iran |
| Criteria | Cultural: (iii)(v) |
| Reference | 1647 |
| Inscription | 2021 (44th Session) |
Avroman or Hawraman,[1] (Kurdish: ههورامان, romanized: Hewraman,[2][3] Persian: اورامان, romanized: Owrāmān[4]) is a mountainous region located within the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah in western Iran and in north-eastern Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The main part of the Hawraman region is located in Iran and encompasses two components of the Central-Eastern Valley (Zhawaro and Takht, in Kurdistan Province); and the Western Valley (Lahon, in Kermanshah Province). The mode of human habitation in these two valleys has been adapted over millennia to the rough mountainous environment. Tiered steep-slope planning and architecture, gardening on dry-stone terraces, livestock breeding, and seasonal vertical migration are among the distinctive features of the local culture and life of the Hawrami Kurdish people who dwell in lowlands and highlands during different seasons of each year.[5] On July 27, 2021, part of the Hawraman region along with Uramanat were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a cultural site under the name "Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat".[6][7]
The word hawraman is formed of two parts ‘Hawra’ means ‘Ahoora’ and ‘Man’ means ‘house, position’. Hawraman is the region of Ahooramzda. ‘howr’ in Avesta means sun, in this case Hawraman would be translated as ‘Territory of Sun’.
“Avroman Takht” village is located in the center of Oraman district in the southwest of Kurdistan province and "Pir Shaliar" ceremony is held there every year. According to the people belief, Hawraman has been a large city and had a prominent centrality, because of that it has been called the throne or the center of government, and the ancient Iranian religions are in the historical memory of the ancestors of the people of this region and are preserved; and still the historical memories of people arising from the ancestors bear the historical rituals and it is strongly revered. Language, culture, and conventions of people express this ancient history. In this region, Zartoshti religion used to be taught before Islamic era. The language was derived from Sasanid Pahlavi .[8]>
Avroman has many springs and rivers that most their water mainly flows into Sirwan River. Bil spring (or Kani Bil) is one of these springs which has a discharge about 3000-4000 liters per second. The river which is made of Bil spring is the shortest river in the world with a total length of 15 meters.[9][10][citation needed] Construction of Darian Dam on the Sirwan River between 2009 and 2015 initiated The Darian Dam Archaeological Salvage Program that led to discovery of many archaeological sites before flooding of the reservoir.
- ^ D. N. MacKenzie, Avroman, Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^ "ڕاپۆرتی کوردستانی". Peyserpress (in Kurdish). 12 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ Kemaloğlu, Nasır (2 March 2016). "Zaravayên Kurdî". zazaki.net (in Kurdish). Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ حسين علي, رزمآرا (2008). عملىات اورامان (in Persian). پردىس دانش.
- ^ "Cultural sites in Africa, Arab Region, Asia, Europe, and Latin America inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ ""Hawraman" rural landscape inscribed in World Heritage List". Mehr News Agency. 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ UNESCO (2021-07-27). "Cultural sites in Africa, Arab Region, Asia, Europe, and Latin America inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ Hewraman Taxt: A memorial of Ancients A heritage to posteritie. Tehran, Sharif. 1386.
- ^ "Kani Bil:Iranian TV; Kurdistan province". Archived from the original on 2014-08-26.
- ^ "Rudaw:Kani Bil is in crisis". Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-30.