Axillary dissection is a surgical procedure that incises the axilla, usually in order to identify, examine, or take out lymph nodes.[1] The term "axilla" refers to the armpit or underarm section of the body.[2] The axillary dissection procedure is commonly used in treating the underarm portion of women who are dealing with breast cancer.[3] The lymph nodes located in the axilla area that are affected by breast cancer are called the guardian or sentinel lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are essential to the lymphatic/immune system due to their main function of filtering unrecognized particles and molecules.[4] The idea of treating breast cancer with the axillary dissection procedure was introduced in the 18th century and was backed by German physician Lorenz Heister.[3] There are certain criteria that make patients eligible candidates for this procedure. Patients tend to have three different levels of axillary lymph nodes; the level helps to determine whether or not the patient should undergo axillary dissection.