Azapirone

Buspirone, the prototypical azapirone anxiolytic, which contains azaspirodecanedione and pyrimidinylpiperazine bound via a butyl chain.

Azapirones are a class of drugs used as anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.[1][2][3][4] They are commonly used as add-ons to other antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).[5][6][7][8][9][10]

  1. ^ Eison AS (June 1990). "Azapirones: history of development". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 10 (3 Suppl): 2S–5S. doi:10.1097/00004714-199006001-00002. PMID 1973936. S2CID 40578767.
  2. ^ Cadieux RJ (May 1996). "Azapirones: an alternative to benzodiazepines for anxiety". American Family Physician. 53 (7): 2349–53. PMID 8638511.
  3. ^ Chessick CA, Allen MH, Thase M, Batista Miralha da Cunha AB, Kapczinski FF, de Lima MS, dos Santos Souza JJ, et al. (2006). Chessick CA (ed.). "Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD006115. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006115. PMC 8915394. PMID 16856115.
  4. ^ Feighner JP, Boyer WF (1989). "Serotonin-1A anxiolytics: an overview". Psychopathology. 22 Suppl 1 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1159/000284623. PMID 2567039.
  5. ^ Masdrakis VG, Turic D, Baldwin DS (2013). "Pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder". Anxiety Disorders. Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry. Vol. 29. pp. 144–53. doi:10.1159/000351960. ISBN 978-3-318-02463-0. PMID 25225024.
  6. ^ Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Wilson C (July 1996). "Buspirone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia". Journal of Affective Disorders. 39 (2): 115–21. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(96)00030-4. PMID 8827420.
  7. ^ Bouwer C, Stein DJ (April 1997). "Buspirone is an effective augmenting agent of serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors in severe treatment-refractory depression". South African Medical Journal. 87 (4 Suppl): 534–7, 540. PMID 9180827.
  8. ^ Dimitriou EC, Dimitriou CE (December 1998). "Buspirone augmentation of antidepressant therapy". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 18 (6): 465–9. doi:10.1097/00004714-199812000-00009. PMID 9864079.
  9. ^ Appelberg BG, Syvälahti EK, Koskinen TE, Mehtonen OP, Muhonen TT, Naukkarinen HH (June 2001). "Patients with severe depression may benefit from buspirone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: results from a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, placebo wash-in study". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 62 (6): 448–52. doi:10.4088/JCP.v62n0608. PMID 11465522.
  10. ^ Yamada K, Yagi G, Kanba S (April 2003). "Clinical efficacy of tandospirone augmentation in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 57 (2): 183–7. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01099.x. PMID 12667165.