Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage.[1] Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally.[2][3] Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries.[3] Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.[4][5]
- ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "azo compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00560
- ^ Benkhaya, Said; M'rabet, Souad; El Harfi, Ahmed (31 January 2020). "Classifications, properties, recent synthesis and applications of azo dyes". Heliyon. 6 (1): e03271. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603271B. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03271. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7002841. PMID 32042981.
- ^ a b "Azo dyes". Food-Info.net. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
TFLwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Hunger, Klaus; Mischke, Peter; Rieper, Wolfgang; et al. (2000). "Azo Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.