Baillie is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
- Baillie of Jerviswood (died 1684), Scottish conspirator
- Adam Baillie, Australian politician
- Sir Adrian Baillie, 6th Baronet (1898–1947), British politician
- Albert Victor Baillie, Anglican clergyman
- Alec Baillie, American bassist
- Alexander Baillie, English cellist
- Allan Baillie (born 1943), Australian writer
- Augustus Baillie (1861–1939), British soldier and lawyer
- Bill Baillie (1934–2018), New Zealand athlete
- Bruce Baillie (1931-2020), American film director
- Caroline Baillie, British materials scientist and academic at the University of San Diego
- Charles Baillie, several people
- Chris Baillie (hurdler), Scottish athlete
- Chris Baillie (politician), New Zealand politician
- Cuthbert Baillie (died 1514), Treasurer of Scotland
- David Baillie (comics) (born 1977), Scottish writer and illustrator
- David Baillie (footballer) (1905–1967), English footballer
- Donald Macpherson Baillie (1887–1954), Scottish theologian, ecumenist, and parish minister
- Doug Baillie (1937–2022), Scottish footballer and sportswriter
- Evan Baillie (1741–1835), British West Indies merchant, landowner and Whig politician
- Sir Frank Wilton Baillie (1875–1921), Canadian industrialist
- Sir Gawaine Baillie, 7th Baronet (1934–2003), amateur motor racing driver, engineer, industrialist, stamp collector
- Lady Grisell Baillie (1822–1891), first woman to be created a Deaconess in the Church of Scotland
- Lady Grizel Baillie (1665–1746), Scottish songwriter
- Henry Baillie (1803–1885), British Conservative politician
- Isobel Baillie (1895–1983), Scottish soprano
- Jackie Baillie (born 1964), Labour Member of the Scottish Parliament for the Dumbarton constituency
- James Baillie, several people
- James Black Baillie (1872–1940), British moral philosopher
- James Evan Bruce Baillie (1859–1931), British Unionist politician
- Jamie Baillie (born 1966), Canadian politician
- Joanna Baillie (1762–1851), Scottish poet and dramatist
- Joe Baillie (1929–1966), Scottish footballer
- John Baillie, several people
- Jonathan Baillie (born 1985), Scottish footballer
- Martha Baillie (born 1960), Canadian poet and novelist
- Marianne Baillie (1795?-1830), nee Wathen, traveller and verse-writer
- Matthew Baillie (1761–1823), Scottish physician and pathologist
- Michael Baillie, 3rd Baron Burton (1924–2013), British peer
- Mike Baillie, Professor of Palaeoecology at Queen's University of Belfast
- Olive, Lady Baillie (1899–1974), Anglo-American heiress
- Robert Baillie (1602–1662), Scottish divine and historical writer
- Steven Baillie, American art director and photographer
- Thomas Baillie, several people
- Tim Baillie, British slalom canoeist
- William Baillie, several people