Bajpai (or Vajpayee) is a Hindu Brahmin surname of Indian origin.
Notable individuals with this surname include:
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018), Prime Minister of India
- Bhagwati Dhar Vajpayee (died 2021), Indian journalist
- Girija Shankar Bajpai (1891–1954), knighted, first Minister of External Affairs
- Kanti Bajpai, Indian academic-analyst and former headmaster of The Doon School
- Manikchandra Vajpayee (1919–2005), Indian journalist and writer
- Manoj Bajpayee (also Bajpai; born 1969), Indian actor
- Pia Bajpiee (born 1992), Indian film actress and model, who appears primarily in South Indian films
- Punya Prasun Bajpai (born 1964), Indian journalist and TV anchor
- Rajendra Kumari Bajpai (1925–1998), Indian politician, represented Sitapur
- Tia Bajpai (born 1989), Indian singer, television and film actress
- Uma Shankar Bajpai (1921/1922–2005), Indian diplomat and journalist
- Nandini Bajpai (born 1968), children's book author