| War of the Bar Confederation | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russo-Polish wars | |||||||||
 Bar Confederates pray before the battle of Lanckorona, painting by Artur Grottger (1863) | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Russian Empire  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (royal crown regiments) |
Poland–Lithuania (Bar Confederation) Allies:  Ottoman Empire Kingdom of France (from 1770) | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki Ivan Weymarn Aleksandr Bibikov Alexander Suvorov Ivan Karpovich Elmpt |
Karol Radziwiłł Casimir Pulaski Michał Jan Pac Count Benyovszky Charles François Dumouriez | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Lanckorona: 3,500 troops[1] |
Lanckorona: ~3,500 troops; 2 cannons[1] Total: ~100,000[2] – 150,000[3] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Heavy | ||||||||
The Bar Confederation (Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish–Lithuanian nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian political influence and against King Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.[4]
The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Stanisław Krasiński, the bishop of Kamieniec, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, his father and brothers and Michał Hieronim Krasiński. Its creation led to a civil war and contributed to the First Partition of Poland.[4] Maurice Benyovszky was the best known European Bar Confederation volunteer, supported by Roman Catholic France and Austria. Some historians consider the Bar Confederation the first Polish uprising.[5]
- ^ a b Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). Generalissimo Prince Suvorov (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 101–102.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Lievenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Skinner, Barbara (2009). "Khmelnytsky's shadow: The confessional legacy.". In Friedrich, Karin; Pendzich, Barbara (eds.). Citizenship and Identity in a Multinational Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania in Context, 1550–1772. Brill. p. 165. ISBN 978-90-04-16983-8.
The pro-Catholic Confederation of Bar embroiled some 150,000 participants in a dogged four-year struggle against Russian interference in Commonwealth affairs that plunged Poland-Lithuania into the chaos of civil war.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
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