Bartholomeus Spranger or Bartholomaeus Spranger[1][2] (21 March 1546 – 1611) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, sculptor, and designer of prints. Working in Prague as a court artist for the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II, he responded to his patron's aesthetic preferences by developing a version of the artistic style referred to as Northern Mannerism. This style stressed sensuality, which was expressed in smoothly modeled, elongated figures arranged in elegant poses, often including a nude woman seen from behind.[3] Spranger's unique style combining elements of Netherlandish painting and Italian influences, in particular the Roman Mannerists, had an important influence on other artists in Prague and elsewhere, in particular the Dutch Republic, as his paintings were disseminated widely through prints as well as by artists who had worked with him such as Karel van Mander.[4][5]
- ^ name variations: Bartholomäus and Spraneers
- ^ Bartholomeus Spranger at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
- ^ Peter Marshall, The Mercurial Emperor: The Magic Circle of Rudolf II in Renaissance Prague, Random House, 28 November 2013, p. 61
- ^ C. Höper. "Spranger, Bartholomäus." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 9 March 2024
- ^ H. Duits, 'Het leven van Karel van Mander. Kunstenaarsleven of schrijversbiografie?', De zeventiende eeuw 9 (1993), nr. 2, pp. 117–136