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Basso profondo (Italian: [ˈbasso proˈfondo], "deep bass"), sometimes basso profundo or contrabass, is the lowest bass voice type.
While The New Grove Dictionary of Opera defines a typical bass as having a range that extends downward to the second E below middle C (E2),[1] operatic bassi profondi can be called on to sing low C (C2), as in the role of Baron Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier. Often choral composers make use of lower notes, such as G1 or even F1; in such rare cases the choir relies on exceptionally deep-ranged bassi profondi termed oktavists or octavists, who sometimes sing an octave below the bass part.
Bass singer Tim Storms holds the Guinness World Record for the "lowest note produced by a human".[2]