Gisèle Littman | |
|---|---|
 Littman in 2014 | |
| Born | Gisèle Orebi 1933 (age 90–91) |
| Nationality | British, Swiss |
| Other names | Bat Ye'or (Hebrew: בת יאור) |
| Alma mater | University College London University of Geneva |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, author |
| Known for | Dhimmitude Eurabia conspiracy theory |
| Spouse | David Littman (m. 1959; died 2012) |
| Children | 3 |
Gisèle Littman (née Orebi; born 1933), better known by her pen name Bat Ye'or (Hebrew: בת יאור, Daughter of the Nile), is an Egyptian-born, British-Swiss[1][2] author and historian,[1][3] who argues in her writings that Islam, and its perceived anti-Americanism, anti-Christian sentiment and antisemitism hold sway over European culture and politics.[4]
Ye'or has also written about the history of Christian and Jewish religious minorities living under Islamic governments, as part of which Ye'or has popularised the term dhimmitude to define the treatment of religious minorities in such contexts.[5]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
carrwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Leibowitz, Ruthie Blum (9 July 2008). "One on One: A 'dhimmi' view of Europe". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ Crittenden, Stephen (23 November 2004). "Program: Full Transcript : Bat Ye'or". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ Bat Ye'or (7 February 2005). "Eurabia - Europe's Future?". Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ Sidney H. Griffith (November 1998). "The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude, Seventh-Twentieth Century (review)". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 30 (4): 619–21. doi:10.1017/S0020743800052831. JSTOR 164368. S2CID 162396249.