Battle of Arzobispo

Battle of Arzobispo
Part of Peninsular War
Photo of an old arched stone bridge over a river. There is a mountain in the distance
The knoll where the Spanish guns were emplaced can be seen just beyond the south end of the Arzobispo bridge.
Date8 August 1809
Location
El Puente del Arzobispo, Spain
39°48′00″N 5°10′00″W / 39.80000°N 5.16667°W / 39.80000; -5.16667
Result French victory[1]
Belligerents
First French Empire French Empire Spain Kingdom of Spain
Commanders and leaders
First French Empire Jean-de-Dieu Soult Spain Duke of Alburquerque
Units involved
II Corps and V Corps Army of Extremadura
Strength
10,000[1] 8,000[1]
Casualties and losses
400[1] 1,600[1]
30 guns[1]
Peninsular war: Castile & Andalusia
Map
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100km
62miles
Tormes
12
Battle of Alba de Tormes at Tormes, on 26 November 1809
11
Battle of Ocaña at Ocaña, on 19 November 1809
Tamames
10
Battle of Tamames at Tamames, on 18 October 1809
9
Battle of Almonacid at Almonacid, on 11 August 1809
Arzobispo
8
Talavera
7
Battle of Talavera at Talavera, on 27–28 July 1809
Alcántara
6
Battle of Alcántara (1809) at Alcántara, on 14 May 1809
Medellín
5
Battle of Medellín at Medellín, on 28 March 1809
Ciudad Real
4
Battle of Ciudad Real at Ciudad Real, on 27 March 1809
3
Battle of Los Yébenes at Los Yébenes, on 24 March 1809
2
Battle of Miajadas at Miajadas, on 21 March 1809
Uclés
1
Battle of Uclés (1809) at Uclés, on 13 January 1809
  current battle

The Battle of Arzobispo on 8 August 1809 saw two Imperial French corps commanded by Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult launch an assault crossing of the Tagus River against a Spanish force under José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Alburquerque. Alburquerque's troops rapidly retreated after suffering disproportionate losses, including 30 artillery pieces. El Puente del Arzobispo (The Archbishop's Bridge) is located 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Talavera de la Reina, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of a larger conflict known as the Napoleonic Wars.

The Battle of Talavera in late July 1809 saw a victory by Arthur Wellesley's British army and Gregorio García de la Cuesta's Spanish army over the Imperial French army of King Joseph Bonaparte. Wellesley (soon to be known as Wellington) found that he was unable to exploit the triumph due to the failure of his logistical arrangements. Within a few days, Wellesley discovered that Soult's large French army was attempting to cut off his army from Portugal.

Accordingly, the British and Spanish armies withdrew to the west, narrowly avoiding interception by Soult's forces. Alburquerque was left with 3,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry to hold the bridge of Arzobispo. Because their position was so strong, the Spanish were lulled into a false sense of security. Meanwhile, French officers found and secretly reconnoitered a hidden ford near the bridge. Achieving tactical surprise, the French cavalry plunged across the ford during the Spanish siesta, followed by the infantry of Marshal Édouard Mortier's V Corps. Before Alburquerque could react, his cavalry was routed and one of his infantry battalions crushed. During the pursuit, Soult's horsemen not only seized 16 Spanish guns, but also recaptured at least 14 of the 17 French artillery pieces lost at Talavera.

  1. ^ a b c d e f Bodart 1908, p. 411.