The 1603 naval battle at Changi between the Dutch and Portuguese showcased the Dutch strength and determination to challenge Portuguese dominance in Southeast Asia. The Dutch damaged the Portuguese flagship, and inflicted many casualties among the Portuguese, causing the flagship to take on water, and the remaining Portuguese ships retreated.
| Battle of Changi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Dutch-Portuguese War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Dutch Republic |
 Portuguese Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Jacob Pietersz van Enkhuysen |
 Teixeira de Macedo | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 4 ships[1] | 40 vessels[2] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 5-6 dead, several wounded | Many Soldados, and damage to the armada[3] | ||||||
- ^ Guan, Kwa Chong; Heng, Derek; Borschberg, Peter; Yong, Tan Tai (15 June 2019). Seven Hundred Years: A History of Singapore. ISBN 9789814868334.
- ^ Guan, Kwa Chong; Heng, Derek; Borschberg, Peter; Yong, Tan Tai (15 June 2019). Seven Hundred Years: A History of Singapore. ISBN 9789814868334.
- ^ The Singapore and Melaka Straits Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century. p. 88.