| Battle of Kandalur salai Capture of Kandalur salai | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Inscription of Chola emperor Rajaraja from Suchindram, Kanyakumari (15th regnal year) | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Chola Empire |
| ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Rajaraja Chola IAprameyan Pallavan (commander) |
 Amarabuyanga Pandiyan | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
Chola Army Chola Navy |
| ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 1 Fleet | 1 Fleet | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Destruction of Chera navy, ports | ||||||||
The battle of Kandalur salai (c. 988 CE), also spelled Kanthaloor salai, was a naval engagement of the Cholas under Rajaraja I (985—1014 CE) against the "salai" at Kandalur in Trivandrum Kerala.[1][3] The exact location of Kandalur—somewhere south Kerala—is a subject of scholarly debate.[1][3][4] The above (988 CE) event is sometimes assumed to be identical with the "conquest of Vizhinjam by a general of Rajaraja [I]", before the burning of Lanka, given in the Tiruvalangadu Grant/Plates.[1]
The phrase "Kandalur salai kalamarutta" is again used as a title with distinction of three other Chola emperors also (Rajendra, Rajadhiraja and Kulottunga).[5]
- ^ a b c d Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 115 - 117.
- ^ A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare: Before the Rise of the West, 10,000 BCE–1500 CE. Routledge. 14 September 2021. ISBN 9781000432121.
- ^ a b Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 122-24.
- ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 135.
- ^ Narayanan, M.G.S. 'Kantalur Salai-New Light on Aryan Expansion in South India.' Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 32, 1970, pp. 125–136.