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Battle of Khanwa | |||||||||
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Mughal painting depicting the Rajput Army (left) battling the Mughal Army (right) | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Mughal Empire |
Vassal states:
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Babur Humayun Bairam Khan Ustad Ali Quli Mustafa Rumi Chin Timur Khan Mir Khalifa Mir Abdul Aziz Mir Muhammed Ali Khan Khusrau Shah Kokultash Kasim Husein Khan Zaman Mirza Askari Mirza Hindal Mirza Sayyid Mahdi Khawaja Asad Malik Hast |
Rana Sanga (WIA) Prithviraj Kachwaha Maldev Rathore Kalyanmal rathod Uday Singh of Vagad † Bharmal Rathod Medini Rai Hasan Khan Mewati † Ratan Singh of Merta † Manik Chand Chauhan † Chandrabhan Chauhan † Ratan Singh Chundawat † Kam Dev Singh Sikarwar † Raj Rana Ajja Jhala of Bari Sadri † Haridas Kesaria † Rao Ramdas Gokaldas Parmar † Rajrana sajja jhala of delwara † Silhadi(Joined Mughal Army in the middle of battle) | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
40,000 to 50,000 [a] |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Heavy[7] | Heavy[7] | ||||||||
The Battle of Khanwa was fought at Khanwa on 16 March 1527. It was fought between the invading Timurid forces of Babur and the Rajput Confederation led by Rana Sanga for supremacy of Northern India. The battle was a major event in Medieval Indian history although Timurids won at Panipat but at the time, the sultanate at Delhi was a spent force that was long crumbling. To the contrary, Kingdom of Mewar under the able rule of Rana Sanga, had turned into one of the strongest powers of northern India. Therefore, the battle was among the most decisive battles in the Mughal conquest of northern India.[8][9][10][11][12][13][excessive citations] It was among the earliest battles in Northern India where gunpowder was used to a great extent. The battle resulted in heavy casualties for both Timurids and Rajputs.[14]
The next year near Agra, Babur led his troops to a landscape victory over confederacy of Rajput kings led by Rana Sangha of Mewar. Eighty thousand Rajput cavalrymen and 500 armoured war elephants charged the much smaller Mughal force
The battle of Khanua was a virtual replay of the battle of Panipat, except that it lasted nearly double the time and was far more fiercely contested, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides
From 1326, Mewar's grand recovery commenced under Lakha, and later under Kumbha and most notably under Sanga, till it became one of the greatest powers in northern India during the first quarter of sixteenth century
The battle of khanua was one of the most decisive battles in Indian history certainly more than that of Panipat as Lodhi empire was already crumbling and Mewar had emerged as major power in northern India. Thus, Its at Khanua the fate of India was sealed for next two centuries
The battle of Kanwaha was more important in its result even than the first battle of Panipat. While the former made Babur ruler of Delhi alone the later made him King of Hindustan. As a result of his success the Mughal empire was established firmly in India. The sovereignty of India now passed from Rajputs to Mughals
He was immediately challenged by assembled Rajput forces under Rana Sanga of Chittor who was reckoned by Babur as one of the two greatest Hindu rulers. It was only after this he met and defeat this second and greater force at the Battle of Khanua 1527, Mugh rule established in Indian contigent
The battle of Khanwa bear more military significance for medieval India than does the Battle of Panipat. Unlike the ill organized force thrown up by Ibrahim Lodhi to confront Babur, Rana Sangha created a formidable military force
Results: The victory of Babur, was nevertheless final and complete. 'Hardly a clan of the Rajputs was there but had lost the flower of its princely blood'. The consequences of the battle of Khanwa were most momentous. (i) The menace of the Rajput supremacy, which had loomed large before the eyes of the Muhammadans in India for the last ten years, was removed once for all
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