Battle of Piave River (1809)

Battle of Piave River (1809)
Part of the War of the Fifth Coalition

The French army crossing the Piave in 1809.
Date8 May 1809[1]
Location
Nervesa della Battaglia, modern-day Italy
45°50′N 12°13′E / 45.833°N 12.217°E / 45.833; 12.217
Result Franco-Italian victory
Belligerents
First French Empire First French Empire
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Kingdom of Italy		 Austrian Empire Austrian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Eugène de Beauharnais Austrian Empire Archduke John
Strength
44,800[2][a]– 45,000[1] 24,120[4]–28,000[5][1]
Casualties and losses
2,000[2]–3,000[1] 3,600[1]–3,896[2]
15 guns[2]
War of the Fifth Coalition
Map
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200km
125miles
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3
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Battle of Sacile from 15 to 16 April 1809
  current battle
  Napoleon in command
  Napoleon not in command

The Battle of Piave River was fought on 8 May 1809 between the Franco-Italian army under the command of Eugène de Beauharnais and an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria. The Austrian commander made a stand behind the Piave River but he suffered a defeat at the hands of his numerically superior foes. The combat took place near Nervesa della Battaglia, Italy during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

The initial Austrian invasion of Venetia succeeded in driving the Franco-Italian defenders back to Verona. At the beginning of May, news of Austrian defeats in Bavaria and inferiority in numbers caused Archduke John to begin retreating to the northeast. When he heard that his enemies were crossing the Piave, the Austrian commander turned back to give battle, intending to slow Eugène's pursuit of his army.

Eugène ordered his vanguard across the river early in the morning. It soon ran into vigorous Austrian resistance, but the arrival of French cavalry stabilized the situation by mid-morning. Rapidly rising waters hampered the buildup of French infantry reinforcements and prevented a significant portion of Eugène's army from crossing at all. In the late afternoon, Eugène launched his main attack which turned John's left flank and finally overran his main line of defense. Damaged but not destroyed, the Austrians continued their withdrawal into Carinthia (in modern-day Austria) and Carniola (in modern-day Slovenia).

  1. ^ a b c d e Bodart 1908, p. 402.
  2. ^ a b c d Smith 1998, p. 300.
  3. ^ Bowden & Tarbox 1989, p. 112.
  4. ^ Bowden & Tarbox 1989, p. 114.
  5. ^ Schneid 1995, p. 82.


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