Battle of Rapallo

For the Battle of Rapallo in 1495, see Battle of Rapallo (1495).
Battle of Rapallo
Part of the First Italian War
Date5 September 1494
Location
Rapallo, Republic of Genoa
Result Franco-Milanese victory[1]
Belligerents
 France
 Milan
 Genoa		 Kingdom of Naples
Commanders and leaders
Kingdom of France Louis d'Orleans Giulio Orsini (POW)
Strength
3,000 Swiss mercenaries
Genoese-Milanese infantry		 4,000 Neapolitan
Casualties and losses
Giulio Orsini(Captured)
Fregosino Campofregoso(Captured)

The Battle of Rapallo, was fought between Swiss mercenaries on French pay and their Genoese-Milanese allies led by Louis d'Orleans against Neapolitan forces led by Giulio Orsini on 5 September 1494 near Rapallo.[2]

Rapallo was occupied by 4,000 Neapolitan troops on 3 September 1494 with Giulio Orsini, Obietto Fieschi, and Fregosino Campofregoso in command, their plan being to force a rebellion in Genoa. Later the Neapolitan fleet was forced away by bad weather.[2] On 5 September,[3] Louis d'Orleans landed with 1,000 Swiss mercenary infantry which was later reinforced overland by 2,000 more Swiss mercenaries and a contingent of Genoese-Milanese infantry.[2]

A skirmish broke out between the Swiss mercenaries and Neapolitan forces, though the terrain did not allow for the Swiss to form up their pike squares.[2] However, the battle was mainly fought between the Genoese-Milanese and Neapolitan infantry.[2] Following concentrated artillery fire from the French fleet, the Neapolitans were routed.[2] The Swiss massacred Neapolitans trying to surrender,[3] although Orsini and Campofregoso were captured in the retreat.[2]

After the battle the Swiss mercenaries killed the enemy wounded and sacked the town of Rapallo.[2] Though a small battle, it was seen as a significant victory which halted Neapolitan attempts to incite a rebellion in Genoa against the French.[2]

  1. ^ Leathes 1903, p. 112.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mallett & Shaw 2012, p. 19.
  3. ^ a b Nicolle 2004, p. 89.