Battle of Song-Jin

Battle of Song-Jin
	Part of the Ming-Qing transition
Date	1641–1642
Location	Songshan and Jinzhou, China
Result	Qing victory
Belligerents
Qing dynasty	Ming dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Hong Taiji; Jirgalang; Dorgon; Dodo; Ajige; Oboi; Kong Youde; Geng Zhongming; Shang Kexi; Ebilun; Hooge	Hong Chengchou (POW); Zu Dashou ; Wu Sangui; Cao Bianjiao ; Yang Guozhu †; Wang Tingchen ; Bai Guang'en; Xia Chengde ; Zu Dale (POW)
Strength
120,000 (Hong Taiji) 20,000+ (Dorgon)	100,000+ (Hong Chengchou in Songshan) 25,000+ (Zu Dashou in Jinzhou)
Casualties and losses
unknown	approx. 60,000

The Battle of Song-Jin (Chinese: 松錦之戰) was fought in 1641 and 1642 at Songshan and Jinzhou, hence the name "Song-Jin". Hong Chengchou's 100,000 elite troops, sent to break the siege of Jinzhou, were crushed by the Eight banner armies of the Qing Dynasty at Songshan. Hong Chengchou and a small number of the remaining troops were besieged at Songshan and defeated a few months later. The Jinzhou garrison and the general Zu Dashou surrendered to the Qing army shortly after the defeat of Ming armies at Songshan.

^ Frederic Wakeman, Jr., The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 213 (the Manchus counted 53,783 enemy corpses after the first engagement outside Songshan), 214 (Hong Chengchou tries to break the siege, but his troops are soundly defeated), 214–15 (a force of 6000 men is entirely lost, "either through death in battle or desertion"), and 216 ("more than one hundred officers and three thousand soldiers" are executed after the Qing seized Songshan).

[1] Frederic Wakeman, Jr., The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 213 (the Manchus counted 53,783 enemy corpses after the first engagement outside Songshan), 214 (Hong Chengchou tries to break the siege, but his troops are soundly defeated), 214–15 (a force of 6000 men is entirely lost, "either through death in battle or desertion"), and 216 ("more than one hundred officers and three thousand soldiers" are executed after the Qing seized Songshan).

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