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1°25′37″N 172°58′32″E / 1.42694°N 172.97556°E
Battle of Tarawa | |||||||
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Part of the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign of the Pacific Theater (World War II) | |||||||
U.S. Marines advance on Japanese pill boxes, Tarawa, November 1943. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
United States Gilbert and Ellice Islands | Japan | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
U.S. Navy: U.S. Marine Corps: | Keiji Shibazaki † | ||||||
Units involved | |||||||
U.S. Fifth Fleet |
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Strength | |||||||
35,000 troops 18,000 marines[1] 5 escort carriers 3 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 22 destroyers 2 minesweepers 18 transports & landing ships |
2,636 troops 2,200 construction laborers (1,200 Korean and 1,000 Japanese) 14 tanks 40 artillery pieces 14 naval guns | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
U.S. Marine Corps: |
4,690 killed (including both construction laborers and Japanese soldiers), At least 40% of defenders were killed during the naval bombardment before H-hour.[3]17 soldiers captured 129 Korean laborers captured 14 tanks destroyed |
The Battle of Tarawa was fought on 20–23 November 1943 between the United States and Japan at the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts.[4] Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died in the fight, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll.[5] At the time, Betio was only 118 hectares (290 acres).[6]
The Battle of Tarawa was the first American offensive in the critical Central Pacific region. It was also the first time in the Pacific War that the United States faced serious Japanese opposition to an amphibious landing.[7] Previous landings had met little to no initial resistance,[8][a] but on Tarawa the 4,500 Japanese defenders were well supplied and well prepared, and they fought almost to the last man, exacting a heavy toll on the United States Marine Corps. The losses on Tarawa were incurred within 76 hours.
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