Battle of Vilnius (1655) | |||||||
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Part of the Muscovite–Polish War (1654–1667) | |||||||
Map of Vilnius in 1659 | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Tsardom of Muscovy Cossack Hetmanate | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Yakov Cherkasskiy Ivan Zolotarenko |
Janusz Radziwiłł Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
41,000–180,000[1][2] | 5,000–7,000[2] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | 2,000 killed and wounded[2] | ||||||
~20,000 civilians were massacred [ru][3] |
The Battle of Vilnius,[4] Wilno,[5] or Vilna[6] was an attack by Russian and Cossack forces on Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, that occurred on 8 August 1655[7] during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). The Polish–Lithuanian forces under the leadership of Great Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł were defeated by the Russian army of Alexis of Russia. It was the first time that a foreign power managed to capture the Vilnius Castle Complex.[8] The six-year Muscovite occupation that followed resulted in a major depopulation and a decline of the city for many years to come.[9] The defeat was one of the reasons Janusz Radziwiłł and several other Lithuanian magnates surrendered the Grand Duchy to Sweden at the Union of Kėdainiai.[5]
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