| Battle of the Horns of Hama | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Ayyubid-Zengid war | |||||||||
 A modern view of the city | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Ayyubid Sultanate | Zengid Emirate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Saladin Muhammad ibn Shirkuh Shihab al-Din al-Harimi |
Izz al-Din Mas'ud[1] Muzaffar Al-din Kokbori | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 10,000 | 20,000[2] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Minimal | Minimal | ||||||||
The Battle of the Horns of Hama or Hammah[3] (Arabic: معركة قرون حماة, Qurun Hama;[3](Kurdish: شەڕی قۆچەکانی حەمە, şerê qijikên hamayê) 13 April AD 1175; 19 Ramadan AH 570)[4] was an Ayyubid victory over the Zengids, which left Saladin in control of Damascus, Baalbek, and Homs. Gökböri commanded the right wing of the Zengid army, which broke Saladin's left flank before being routed by a charge from Saladin's personal guard.[5] Despite around 20,000 men being involved on both sides, Saladin gained a nearly-bloodless victory by the psychological effect of the arrival of his Egyptian reinforcements.[3]
Following the battle, Saladin initially placed the rightful heirs over these territories: Muhammad ibn Shirkuh in Homs, Palmyra, and al-Rahba; Shihab al-Din al-Harimi over Hama and Ibn al-Muqaddam in Baalbek.[6] Gökböri himself defected to Saladin in 1182.[7] Once his power was further consolidated, however, they were deposed in favour of members of his own dynasty.
On 6 May 1175, Saladin's opponents agreed to a treaty recognizing his rule over Syria apart from Aleppo.[3] Saladin requested that the Abbasid caliph acknowledge his right to the entirety of Nur ad-Din's empire, but he was recognized simply as lord over what he already held and was encouraged to attack the Crusader kingdom in Jerusalem.[3]
- ^ İbnü’l-Esîr, el- Kâmil Fi't- Târîh Tercümesi, Cilt 9, 413-414; Bahaaddin İbn Şeddad, Selahaddin-i Eyyubi, 90-91; Ebu Şame, Kitabu'r-Ravzateyn Fi Ahbari'd-Devleteyn en- Nuriyye ve's Salahiyye, Cilt 2, 377-378; Ebû’l Farac, Tarih, Cilt II, 419-420; Şeşen, Selâhaddin Eyyûbî ve Dönemi, 95; Kuşçu, Eyyûbî Devleti Teşkilatı, 66.
- ^ İbrahim Halil Ulaş, SELÂHADDİN-İ EYYÛBİ VE İSLAM BİRLİĞİ POLİTİKASI s.74
- ^ a b c d e Lock (2013), p. 62.
- ^ Humphreys (1977), p. 51.
- ^ Behâ ed-Din & 12th c., pp. 73–74.
- ^ Humphreys (1977), p. 52.
- ^ Nicholson & al. (2006), p. 17.