Beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs) refer to beaches that exist inside estuaries or bays and therefore are partially or fully sheltered from ocean wind waves,[1][2] which are a typical source of energy to build beaches. Beaches located inside harbours and lagoons are also considered BEBs. BEBs can be unvegetated or partially unvegetated and can be made of sand, gravel or shells.[3] As a consequence of the sheltering, the importance of other sources of wave energy, including locally generated wind waves and infragravity waves, may be more important for BEBs than for those beaches on the open coast. Boat wakes,[4] currents driven by tides, and river inflow can also be important for BEBs. When BEBs receive insufficient wave energy, they can become inactive, and stabilised by vegetation; this may occur through both natural processes and human action.[5] BEBs exist in all latitudes from beaches located in fjords and drowned river valleys (rias) in high latitudes to beaches located in the equatorial zone like, for example, the Amazon estuarine beaches.[6]
^Bird, Eric (2008). "Estuaries and lagoons". Coastal geomorphology: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 295–330. ISBN978-0-470-51729-1.
^Cite error: The named reference Nordstrom was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bilkovic, D.; Mitchell, M.; Davis, J.; Andrews, E.; King, A.; Mason, P.; Herman, J.; Tahvildari, N.; Davis, J. (2017). Review of boat wake wave impacts on shoreline erosion and potential solutions for the Chesapeake Bay (Report). Edgewater, MD.
^Cite error: The named reference Freire2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
