Betonica officinalis

Betonica officinalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Betonica
Species:
B. officinalis
Binomial name
Betonica officinalis
Synonyms[1]
  • Stachys betonica Benth.
  • Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.
  • Stachys monieri (Gouan) P.W.Ball

Betonica officinalis, common name betony[2][3][4] is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.[1] Other vernacular names include wood betony,[5] common hedgenettle,[6] purple betony, bishopwort, or bishop's wort.

It was until recently usually included in the genus Stachys as its synonym Stachys officinalis,[7] but Betonica was separated at genus rank from Stachys when a detailed examination showed clear consistent differences in both the foliage and flowers, valid at a higher rank than the previous treatment as just a subgenus.[8] This has been confirmed by genetic study, which shows Betonica is separate from Stachys and more closely related to the hemp-nettles Galeopsis.[9]

The Latin specific epithet officinalis refers to plants which had a culinary or medicinal use.[10]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference powo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker, eds. (2020). "Betony Betonica officinalis L." BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  3. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ David Chapman (2008). Exploring the Cornish Coast. Penzance: Alison Hodge. p. 113. ISBN 9780906720561.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Culpeper was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ NRCS. "Stachys officinalis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  7. ^ Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. Collins Flower Guide. Harper Collins ISBN 9-78-000718389-0
  8. ^ Giuliani, C.; Maleci Bini, L. (2012). "Glandular trichomes as further differential characters between Stachys subgenus Betonica (L.) Bhattacharjee and Stachys subgenus Stachys". Plant Biosystems. 146 (supplement 1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/11263504.2012.663810. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  9. ^ Bendiksby, Mika; Thorbek, Lisbeth; Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Lindqvist, Charlotte; Ryding, Olof (2011). "An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae". Taxon. 60 (2): 471–484.
  10. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.