Binokel

Binokel

Traditional Swiss and Swabian game; ancestor of American pinochle
The suit of Leaves in a Binokel pack
Origin	Württemberg
Alternative names	Binocle
Type	Point-trick
Players	2 – 4
Age range	10+
Cards	2 x 24
Deck	German (Württemberg pattern)
Rank (high→low)	A 10 K O U 7
Play	Anticlockwise
Playing time	20–30 minutes/game
Related games
Bézique • Marjolet • Pinochle

Binokel is a card game for two to eight players that originated in Switzerland as Binocle, but spread to the German state of Württemberg, where it is typically played with a Württemberg pattern pack. It is still popular in Württemberg, where it is usually played in groups of three or four as a family game rather than in the pubs.^[1] In three-hand games, each player competes for himself, while in four-hand games, known as Cross Binokel (Kreuzbinokel), two teams are formed with partners sitting opposite one another. The game was introduced to America by German immigrants in the first half of the 20th century, where it developed into the similar game of pinochle.^[2][3] Binocle was still played in Switzerland in 1994.^[1] In south Germany, the game is sometimes called by its Swabian name, Benoggl.^[4][5][6][7]

Binokel belongs to the family of melding and trick-taking games.^[8] Unlike others in the family, special card combinations (family, four of a kind, etc.) score additional points. After the deal in the three- or four-player game, there is an auction to bid for the dabb (stack of undealt cards c.f. Skat) or tapp.^[9] Players bid depending on the card points they expect to score from taking tricks and making melds. The team with the highest bid has to win the game, i.e. score more points in tricks and melds than they bid. Although some of the rules vary from place to place, the basics are standard.^[1]