Biotic interchange

Biotic interchange is the process by which species from one biota invade another biota, usually due to the disappearance of a previously impassable barrier.[1] These dispersal barriers can be physical, climatic, or biological and can include bodies of water or ice, land features like mountains, climate zones, or competition between species.[2][1] Biotic interchange has been documented to occur in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.[3]

  1. ^ a b VERMEIJ, G. J. (1991-09-06). "When Biotas Meet: Understanding Biotic Interchange". Science. 253 (5024): 1099–1104. Bibcode:1991Sci...253.1099V. doi:10.1126/science.253.5024.1099. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17731806.
  2. ^ Caplat, Paul; Edelaar, Pim; Dudaniec, Rachael Y; Green, Andy J; Okamura, Beth; Cote, Julien; Ekroos, Johan; Jonsson, Per R; Löndahl, Jakob; Tesson, Sylvie VM; Petit, Eric J (2016). "Looking beyond the mountain: dispersal barriers in a changing world". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 14 (5): 261–268. doi:10.1002/fee.1280. hdl:10261/133430. ISSN 1540-9295.
  3. ^ Vermeij, Geerat J. (1991). "Anatomy of an invasion: the trans-Arctic interchange". Paleobiology. 17 (3): 281–307. doi:10.1017/s0094837300010617. ISSN 0094-8373.